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Unreal Engine 4 道具捡拾教程 C++ 实现

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发表于 2023-4-11 23:10 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
Unreal Engine 4  道具捡拾教程 C++ 实现

　　物品捡拾是游戏比较常用的功能，这个教程讲解实现简单的物品捡拾的过程。
1、  首先新建C++工程，输入好工程名称，注意选择Ｃ++页签


2. 先配置一下输入控制。选择Edit->ProjectSettings…


选择左侧Engine下的Input 配置键盘鼠标操作键


右侧显示Engine-Input, 点选Action Mappings 旁边的+号。


将NewActionMaping_0改名为Pickup,点选下面的输入设备选择鼠标右键Right Mouse Button






再增加一个Action Mapping，命名为Inventory, 输入方式设置为键盘I键







到这里输入方法设置完成，用鼠标右键拾取，用I键显示背包内容。
2、  现在开始编码。首先创建父类为Actor的C++类Item。





Unreal Engine自动创建好了Item C++类




先编辑一下ItemPickup.Build.cs的内容，避免后面编译错误

  1. public classItemPickup : ModuleRules
  2. {
  3.     public ItemPickup(TargetInfo Target)
  4.     {
  5.         PublicDependencyModuleNames.AddRange(newstring[] { "Core","CoreUObject", "Engine", "InputCore", "HeadMountedDisplay", "GameplayTasks"});
  6.     }
  7. }
复制代码
主要代码在Item及ItemPickupPlayherController里，下面列出代码内容
  1. Item.h
  3. #include "GameFramework/Actor.h"
  4. #include "Item.generated.h"
  7. class AItemPickupCharacter;
  8. class AItemPickupPlayerController;
  10. UCLASS()
  11. class ITEMPICKUP_API AItem : public AActor
  12. {
  13.     GENERATED_BODY()
  14.    
  15. public:
  16.     // Sets default values for this actor's properties
  17.     AItem();
  19.     // Called when the game starts or when spawned
  20.     virtual void BeginPlay() override;
  21.    
  22.     // Called every frame
  23.     virtual void Tick( float DeltaSeconds ) override;
  25.     UShapeComponent* TBox;
  26.    
  27.     UPROPERTY(EditAnyWhere)
  28.         UStaticMeshComponent* SM_TBox;
  30.     AItemPickupCharacter* MyPlayerController;
  32.     AItemPickupPlayerController* PlCtl;
  34.     UPROPERTY(EditAnyWhere)
  35.         FString ItemName =FString(TEXT(""));
  37.     void Pickup();
  39.     void GetPlayer(AActor*Player);
  41.     bool bItemIsWithinRange;
  43.     UFUNCTION()
  44.         void TriggerEnter(class UPrimitiveComponent*MyComp,class AActor * OtherActor,class UPrimitiveComponent*OtherComp,int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep,  const FHitResult & SweepResult);
  46.     UFUNCTION()
  47.         void TriggerExit(class UPrimitiveComponent*MyComp,class AActor * OtherActor,class UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp,int32OtherBodyIndex);
  49. };
  51. Item.cpp
  53. // Fill out your copyright notice in theDescription page of Project Settings.
  55. #include "ItemPickup.h"
  56. #include "Item.h"
  57. #include "Engine.h"
  59. #include "ItemPickupCharacter.h"
  60. #include "ItemPickupPlayerController.h"
  62. // Sets default values
  63. AItem::AItem()
  64. {
  65.     // Set this actor tocall Tick() every frame.  You can turnthis off to improve performance if you don't need it.
  66.     PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick= true;
  68.     TBox=  CreateDefaultSubobject<UBoxComponent>(TEXT("Box"));
  69.     TBox->bGenerateOverlapEvents= true;
  70.     TBox->OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &AItem::TriggerEnter);
  71.     TBox->OnComponentEndOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &AItem::TriggerExit);
  72.    
  73.     RootComponent= TBox;
  75.     SM_TBox =CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("BoxMesh"));
  77.     SM_TBox->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
  78. }
  80. // Called when the game starts or when spawned
  81. void AItem::BeginPlay()
  82. {
  83.     Super::BeginPlay();
  84.    
  85. }
  87. // Called every frame
  88. void AItem::Tick( float DeltaTime )
  89. {
  90.     Super::Tick( DeltaTime );
  91.     if (MyPlayerController != NULL)
  92.     {
  93.         PlCtl= Cast<AItemPickupPlayerController>(MyPlayerController->GetController());
  94.         if (PlCtl->bIsPickingUP && bItemIsWithinRange)
  95.         {
  96.             Pickup();
  97.         }
  98.     }
  99. }
  101. void AItem::Pickup()
  102. {
  103.     PlCtl =Cast<AItemPickupPlayerController>(MyPlayerController->GetController());
  104.     PlCtl->Inventory.Add(*ItemName);
  105.     GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(1,5.f, FColor::Green,TEXT("Pick Up the Item"));
  106.     Destroy();
  107. }
  109. void AItem::GetPlayer(AActor * Player)
  110. {
  111.     MyPlayerController= Cast<AItemPickupCharacter>(Player);
  112. }
  114. void AItem::TriggerEnter(class UPrimitiveComponent*MyComp, class AActor * OtherActor, class  UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult & SweepResult)
  115. {
  116.     bItemIsWithinRange= true;
  118.     GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(1,5.f,FColor::Green,FString::Printf(TEXT("Press Mouse Right ButtonTo Pickup %s"),*ItemName));
  120.     GetPlayer(OtherActor);
  121. }
  123. void AItem::TriggerExit(class UPrimitiveComponent*MyComp, class AActor * OtherActor, class UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex)
  124. {
  125.     bItemIsWithinRange= false;
  126. }
  128. ItemPickupPlayerController.h
  130. // Copyright 1998-2016 Epic Games, Inc. All RightsReserved.
  131. #pragma once
  132. #include "GameFramework/PlayerController.h"
  133. #include "ItemPickupPlayerController.generated.h"
  135. UCLASS()
  136. class AItemPickupPlayerController : public APlayerController
  137. {
  138.     GENERATED_BODY()
  140. public:
  141.     AItemPickupPlayerController();
  143. protected:
  144.     /** True if the controlled character should navigate to the mouse cursor.*/
  145.     uint32 bMoveToMouseCursor : 1;
  147.     // Begin PlayerController interface
  148.     virtual void PlayerTick(float DeltaTime) override;
  149.     virtual void SetupInputComponent() override;
  150.     // End PlayerController interface
  152.     /** Resets HMD orientation in VR. */
  153.     void OnResetVR();
  155.     /** Navigate player to the current mouse cursor location. */
  156.     void MoveToMouseCursor();
  158.     /** Navigate player to the current touch location. */
  159.     void MoveToTouchLocation(constETouchIndex::Type FingerIndex,const FVector Location);
  160.    
  161.     /** Navigate player to the given world location. */
  162.     void SetNewMoveDestination(constFVector DestLocation);
  164.     /** Input handlers for SetDestination action. */
  165.     void OnSetDestinationPressed();
  166.     void OnSetDestinationReleased();
  168.     void BeginPickup();
  169.    
  170.     void EndPickup();
  172.     void ShowInventory();
  174. public:
  175.     bool bIsPickingUP = false;
  177.     TArray<FString>Inventory;
  179. };
  184. ItemPickupPlayerController.cpp
  186. // Copyright 1998-2016 Epic Games, Inc. All RightsReserved.
  188. #include "ItemPickup.h"
  189. #include "ItemPickupPlayerController.h"
  190. #include "AI/Navigation/NavigationSystem.h"
  191. #include "Runtime/Engine/Classes/Components/DecalComponent.h"
  192. #include "Kismet/HeadMountedDisplayFunctionLibrary.h"
  193. #include "ItemPickupCharacter.h"
  194. #include "Engine.h"
  196. AItemPickupPlayerController::AItemPickupPlayerController()
  197. {
  198.     bShowMouseCursor= true;
  199.     DefaultMouseCursor= EMouseCursor::Crosshairs;
  200. }
  202. void AItemPickupPlayerController::PlayerTick(floatDeltaTime)
  203. {
  204.     Super::PlayerTick(DeltaTime);
  206.     // keep updating the destination every tick while desired
  207.     if (bMoveToMouseCursor)
  208.     {
  209.         MoveToMouseCursor();
  210.     }
  211. }
  213. void AItemPickupPlayerController::SetupInputComponent()
  214. {
  215.     // set up gameplay key bindings
  216.     Super::SetupInputComponent();
  218.     InputComponent->BindAction("SetDestination",IE_Pressed, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::OnSetDestinationPressed);
  219.     InputComponent->BindAction("SetDestination",IE_Released, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::OnSetDestinationReleased);
  221.     // support touch devices
  222.     InputComponent->BindTouch(EInputEvent::IE_Pressed,this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::MoveToTouchLocation);
  223.     InputComponent->BindTouch(EInputEvent::IE_Repeat,this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::MoveToTouchLocation);
  225.     InputComponent->BindAction("ResetVR",IE_Pressed, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::OnResetVR);
  227.     //Set Pickup Callback
  228.     InputComponent->BindAction("Pickup",IE_Pressed, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::BeginPickup);
  229.     InputComponent->BindAction("Pickup",IE_Released, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::EndPickup);
  231.     InputComponent->BindAction("Inventory",IE_Pressed, this, &AItemPickupPlayerController::ShowInventory);
  232. }
  234. void AItemPickupPlayerController::OnResetVR()
  235. {
  236.     UHeadMountedDisplayFunctionLibrary::ResetOrientationAndPosition();
  237. }
  239. void AItemPickupPlayerController::MoveToMouseCursor()
  240. {
  241.     if (UHeadMountedDisplayFunctionLibrary::IsHeadMountedDisplayEnabled())
  242.     {
  243.         if (AItemPickupCharacter* MyPawn= Cast<AItemPickupCharacter>(GetPawn()))
  244.         {
  245.             if (MyPawn->GetCursorToWorld())
  246.             {
  247.                 UNavigationSystem::SimpleMoveToLocation(this, MyPawn->GetCursorToWorld()->GetComponentLocation());
  248.             }
  249.         }
  250.     }
  251.     else
  252.     {
  253.         // Trace to see what is under the mouse cursor
  254.         FHitResult Hit;
  255.         GetHitResultUnderCursor(ECC_Visibility,false, Hit);
  257.         if (Hit.bBlockingHit)
  258.         {
  259.             // We hit something, move there
  260.             SetNewMoveDestination(Hit.ImpactPoint);
  261.         }
  262.     }
  263. }
  265. void AItemPickupPlayerController::MoveToTouchLocation(constETouchIndex::TypeFingerIndex, constFVector Location)
  266. {
  267.     FVector2D ScreenSpaceLocation(Location);
  269.     // Trace to see what is under the touch location
  270.     FHitResult HitResult;
  271.     GetHitResultAtScreenPosition(ScreenSpaceLocation,CurrentClickTraceChannel,true,HitResult);
  272.     if (HitResult.bBlockingHit)
  273.     {
  274.         // We hit something, move there
  275.         SetNewMoveDestination(HitResult.ImpactPoint);
  276.     }
  277. }
  279. void AItemPickupPlayerController::SetNewMoveDestination(constFVector DestLocation)
  280. {
  281.     APawn* const MyPawn= GetPawn();
  282.     if (MyPawn)
  283.     {
  284.         UNavigationSystem*const NavSys = GetWorld()->GetNavigationSystem();
  285.         float const Distance = FVector::Dist(DestLocation,MyPawn->GetActorLocation());
  287.         // We need to issue move command only if far enough in order for walkanimation to play correctly
  288.         if (NavSys && (Distance > 120.0f))
  289.         {
  290.             NavSys->SimpleMoveToLocation(this,DestLocation);
  291.         }
  292.     }
  293. }
  295. void AItemPickupPlayerController::OnSetDestinationPressed()
  296. {
  297.     // set flag to keep updating destination until released
  298.     bMoveToMouseCursor= true;
  299. }
  301. void AItemPickupPlayerController::OnSetDestinationReleased()
  302. {
  303.     // clear flag to indicate we should stop updating the destination
  304.     bMoveToMouseCursor= false;
  305. }
  307. void AItemPickupPlayerController::BeginPickup()
  308. {
  309.     GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.f,FColor::Blue,TEXT("Begin Pickup"));
  310.     bIsPickingUP= true;
  311. }
  313. void AItemPickupPlayerController::EndPickup()
  314. {
  315.     GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.f, FColor::Blue, TEXT("End Pickup"));
  316.     bIsPickingUP= false;
  317. }
  319. void AItemPickupPlayerController::ShowInventory()
  320. {
  321.     GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.f, FColor::Blue, TEXT("Show Inventory"));
  322.     for (auto& Item : Inventory)
  323.     {
  324.         GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1,5.f, FColor::Blue, FString::Printf(TEXT("Item: %s"),*Item));
  325.     }
  326. }
复制代码
3、  基于Item创建Blueprint 对象,先在Content主目录下创建一个Pickup子目录


建立New Folder, 命名为Pickup



在C++ Classes 下的ItemPickup找到Item对象，点鼠标右键选择Create Blueprint class based on Item.


命名为BP_PickItem，选择存放在Pickup下。


4、编辑BP_PickItem，首先要为BP_PickItem创建一个Mesh，先选中RootComponent,然后点击Add Component




出现下拉列表后选择Static Mesh



命名为PickBox



选中PickBox，在右侧Static Mesh选中SM_Rock模型



缩小一下这个模型


选择编译Compile并存储一下，完成后关闭这个窗口。


6、将这个BP_PickItem拖拽到场景中。


将ItemPickup及ItemPickup1分别命名为Box1和Box2




7、编译一下游戏，选择运行游戏，移动到拾取物体上，按鼠标右键。


物品消失，被我们拾取到了。



按I键，显示背包内容。


8、这个教程比较相对比较简单，主要目的是理解如果用C++实现游戏的简单交互。

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