【Unity3D】血条（HP）

JoshWindsor · 发表于 2023-2-24 15:04

1 需求实现

人机交互Input 中实现了通过键盘控制坦克运动，通过鼠标控制坦克发射炮弹，本文将在此基础上，增加血条（HP）功能。炮弹命中后，HP 值会减少，因此需要应用到刚体组件Rigidbody 和碰撞体组件Collider；从不同角度攻击敌人时，敌人的血条始终朝向相机，因此需要用到相机跟随；血条通过 Image 显示，因此需要用到 UGUI之Image；玩家的血条始终显示在屏幕左上角，因此需要使用到锚点。

1）需求实现

2）涉及技术栈

2 游戏对象

1）游戏界面

2）游戏对象层级结构

3）Transform组件参数

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Player	Empty	(0, 0.25, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#228439FF
Botton	Cube	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(2, 0.5, 2)	#228439FF
Top	Cube	(0, 0.5, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 0.5, 1)	#228439FF
Gun	Cylinder	(0, 0, 1.5)	(90, 0, 0)	(0.2, 1, 0.4)	#228439FF
FirePoint	Empty	(0, 1.15, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	——

补充：Player 游戏对象添加了刚体组件，并修改 Mass = 100，Drag = 1，AngularDrag = 0.1，Freeze Rotation 中勾选 X 和 Z。

Name	Type	Rect	Width/Height	Pos	Color/Texture
PlayerHP	Canvas	——	——	——	——
Panel	Panel	(0, 0, 0, 0)	——	(-, -, 0)	#FFFFFF00
HealthBG	Image	(0, 0.25, -5)	(200, 20)	(125, -30, 0)	#FFFFFFFF
Health	Image	(0, 0.25, -5)	(200, 20)	(125, -30, 0)	#FF2230FF

补充：玩家 PlayerHP 的 Canvas 渲染模式是 Screen Space - Overlay，Health 的 ImageType 设置为 Filled，Fill Method 设置为 Horizontal。

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Enemy	Empty	(0, 0.25, 5)	(0, 180, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#15D3F9FF
Botton	Cube	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(2, 0.5, 2)	#15D3F9FF
Top	Cube	(0, 0.5, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 0.5, 1)	#15D3F9FF
Gun	Cylinder	(0, 0, 1.5)	(90, 0, 0)	(0.2, 1, 0.4)	#15D3F9FF
FirePoint	Empty	(0, 1.15, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	——

补充：Enemy 游戏对象添加了刚体组件，并修改 Mass = 100，Drag = 0.5，AngularDrag = 0.1，Freeze Rotation 中勾选 X 和 Z。

Name	Type	Width/Height	Pos	Color/Texture
HP	Canvas	(2, 0.2)	(0, 0.85, 0)	——
HealthBG	Image	(2, 0.2)	(0, 0, 0)	#FFFFFFFF
Health	Image	(2, 0.2)	(0, 0, 0)	#FF2230FF

补充：敌人 HP 的 Canvas 渲染模式是 World Space，Health 的 ImageType 设置为 Filled，Fill Method 设置为 Horizontal。

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Plane	Plane	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(10, 10, 10)	GrassRockyAlbedo
Bullet	Sphere	(0, 0.5, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)	#228439FF

补充：炮弹作为预设体拖拽到 Assets/Resources/Prefabs 目录下，并且添加了刚体组件。
3 脚本组件

1）CameraController

CameraController.cs
using UnityEngine; public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour { private Transform player; // 玩家 private Vector3 relaPlayerPos; // 相机在玩家坐标系中的位置 private float targetDistance = 15f; // 相机看向玩家前方的位置    private void Start() {       relaPlayerPos = new Vector3(0, 4, -8);       player = GameObject.Find("Player/Top").transform; }    private void LateUpdate() {       CompCameraPos(); } private void CompCameraPos() { // 计算相机坐标       Vector3 target = player.position + player.forward * targetDistance;       transform.position = transformVecter(relaPlayerPos, player.position, player.right, player.up, player.forward);       transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(target - transform.position); } // 求以origin为原点, locX, locY, locZ 为坐标轴的本地坐标系中的向量 vec 在世界坐标系中对应的向量 private Vector3 transformVecter(Vector3 vec, Vector3 origin, Vector3 locX,  Vector3 locY,  Vector3 locZ) {       return vec.x * locX + vec.y * locY + vec.z * locZ + origin; }}
说明： CameraController 脚本组件挂在 MainCamera 游戏对象上。

2）PlayerController

PlayerController.cs
using System;using UnityEngine;public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour { private Transform firePoint; // 开火点 private GameObject bulletPrefab; // 炮弹预设体 private float tankMoveSpeed = 4f; // 坦克移动速度 private float tankRotateSpeed = 2f; // 坦克转向速度 private float fireWaitTime = float.MaxValue; // 距离上次开火已等待的时间 private float bulletCoolTime = 0.15f; // 炮弹冷却时间 private void Start() {       firePoint = transform.Find("Top/Gun/FirePoint");       bulletPrefab = (GameObject) Resources.Load("Prefabs/Bullet"); } private void Update() {       fireWaitTime += Time.deltaTime;       float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");       float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");       Move(hor, ver);       if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) || Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) {          Fire();       } } private void Move(float hor, float ver) { // 坦克移动       if (Math.Abs(hor) > 0.1f || Math.Abs(ver) > 0.1f) {          GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = transform.forward * tankMoveSpeed * ver;          GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Vector3.up * tankRotateSpeed * hor;       } } private void Fire() { // 开炮       if (fireWaitTime > bulletCoolTime) {          BulletInfo bulletInfo = new BulletInfo("PlayerBullet", Color.red, transform.forward, 10f, 15f);          GameObject bullet = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePoint.position, Quaternion.identity);          bullet.AddComponent<BulletController>().SetBulletInfo(bulletInfo);          fireWaitTime = 0f;       } }}
说明： PlayerController 脚本组件挂在 Player 游戏对象上。

3）EnemyController

EnemyController.cs
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;public class EnemyController : MonoBehaviour { private Transform target; // 目标 private Transform top; // 炮头 private Transform firePoint; // 开火点 private Transform hp; // 血条 private GameObject bulletPrefab; // 炮弹预设体 private float rotateSpeed = 0.4f; // 坦克转向速度 private float fireWaitTime = float.MaxValue; // 距离上次开火已等待的时间 private float bulletCoolTime = 1f; // 炮弹冷却时间 private void Start () {       target = GameObject.Find("Player/Top").transform;       top = transform.Find("Top");       firePoint = transform.Find("Top/Gun/FirePoint");       hp = transform.Find("HP");       bulletPrefab = (GameObject) Resources.Load("Prefabs/Bullet"); } private void Update () {       fireWaitTime += Time.deltaTime;       LookAtTarget();       float angle = Vector3.Angle(target.position - top.position, top.forward);       if (LookAtTarget()) {          Fire();       }       HPLookAtCamera(); } private bool LookAtTarget() {       Vector3 dir = target.position - top.position;       float angle = Vector3.Angle(dir, top.forward);       if (angle > 5) {          int axis = Vector3.Dot(Vector3.Cross(dir, top.forward), Vector3.up) > 0 ? -1 : 1;          GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = axis * Vector3.up * rotateSpeed;          return false;       }       GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Vector3.zero;       return true; } private void HPLookAtCamera() {       Vector3 cameraPos = Camera.main.transform.position;       Vector3 target = new Vector3(cameraPos.x, hp.position.y, cameraPos.z);       hp.LookAt(target); } private void Fire() {       if (fireWaitTime > bulletCoolTime) {          BulletInfo bulletInfo = new BulletInfo("EnemyBullet", Color.yellow, top.forward, 5f, 10f);          GameObject bullet = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePoint.position, Quaternion.identity); // 通过预设体创建炮弹          bullet.AddComponent<BulletController>().SetBulletInfo(bulletInfo);          fireWaitTime = 0;       } }}
说明： EnemyController 脚本组件挂在 Enemy 游戏对象上。

4）BulletController

BulletController.cs
using UnityEngine;using UnityEngine.UI;public class BulletController : MonoBehaviour { private BulletInfo bulletInfo; // 炮弹信息 private volatile bool isDying = false; private void Start () {       gameObject.name = bulletInfo.name;       GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material.color = bulletInfo.color;       float lifeTime = bulletInfo.fireRange / bulletInfo.speed; // 存活时间       Destroy(gameObject, lifeTime); } private void Update () {       transform.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = bulletInfo.flyDir * bulletInfo.speed; } private void OnCollisionEnter(Collision other) {       if (isDying) {          return;       }       if (IsHitEnemy(gameObject.name, other.gameObject.name)) {          other.transform.Find("HP/Health").GetComponent<Image>().fillAmount -= 0.1f;          isDying = true;          Destroy(gameObject, 0.1f);       } else if (IsHitPlayer(gameObject.name, other.gameObject.name)) {          GameObject.Find("PlayerHP/Panel/Health").GetComponent<Image>().fillAmount -= 0.1f;          isDying = true;          Destroy(gameObject, 0.1f);       } } public void SetBulletInfo(BulletInfo bulletInfo) {       this.bulletInfo = bulletInfo; } private bool IsHitEnemy(string name, string otherName) { // 射击到敌军       return name.Equals("PlayerBullet") && otherName.Equals("Enemy"); } private bool IsHitPlayer(string name, string otherName) { // 射击到玩家       return name.Equals("EnemyBullet") && otherName.Equals("Player"); }}
说明： BulletController 脚本组件挂在 Bullet 游戏对象上（代码里动态添加）。

5）BulletInfo

BulletInfo.cs
using UnityEngine;public class BulletInfo { public string name; // 炮弹名 public Color color; // 炮弹颜色 public Vector3 flyDir; // 炮弹飞出方向 public float speed; // 炮弹飞行速度 public float fireRange; // 炮弹射程 public BulletInfo(string name, Color color, Vector3 flyDir, float speed, float fireRange) {       this.name = name;       this.color = color;       this.flyDir = flyDir;       this.speed = speed;       this.fireRange = fireRange; }}4 运行效果

声明：本文转自【Unity3D】血条（HP）

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