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基础环境Anaconda安装
关于Anaconda
百度百科摘要：Anaconda指的是一个开源的Python发行版本，其包含了conda、Python等180多个科学包及其依赖项。[1]因为包含了大量的科学包，Anaconda 的下载文件比较大（约 531 MB），如果只需要某些包，或者需要节省带宽或存储空间，也可以使用Miniconda这个较小的发行版（仅包含conda和 Python）。
安装步骤
- 访问官方网站获取安装包，对于个人开发者，我们选用免费个人版。
2. 双击运行安装包：Anaconda3-2021.11-Windows-x86_64.exe。
启动安装界面
3. 开始安装，选择默认安装路径，然后勾选“添加Anaconda3到环境变量中”，然后等待安装完成。
勾选添加Anaconda到环境变量中
4. 验证安装是否成功：快捷键Win+R打开窗口，输入cmd回车，然后在控制窗口中输入conda命令回车，显示以下信息表明安装成功。
安装成功信息
开发环境PyCharm安装
关于PyCharm
百度百科摘要：PyCharm是一种PythonIDE（Integrated Development Environment，集成开发环境），带有一整套可以帮助用户在使用Python语言开发时提高其效率的工具，比如调试、语法高亮、项目管理、代码跳转、智能提示、自动完成、单元测试、版本控制。此外，该IDE提供了一些高级功能，以用于支持Django框架下的专业Web开发。
安装步骤
- 访问官方网站获取安装包，个人开发者可以选用社区免费版。
选择社区版本
2. 双击运行安装包：pycharm-community-2021.3.2.exe，开始安装。
3. 选择默认安装路径，并可以按如下图所示勾选相关配置信息（可选）。
安装配置
4. 为保证安装效果，安装成功后选择重启。
安装完后重启
5. 重启后启动PyCharm。
安装成功
AI框架PyTorch/MindSpore/TensorFlow安装
安装源配置（建议）
<hr/>为提升安装速度，建议切换到国内镜像。
https://pypi.org/
| 镜像源名称 | 路径 | | 阿里云 | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/ | | 清华大学 | https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ | | 豆瓣 | https://pypi.douban.com/simple/ |
注：可以通过百度/Google搜索更多镜像源，不过要注意不同的镜像源由于更新问题，导致软件包版本不一样，本文后续章节就是因为镜像源版本不同导致软件安装失败。
<hr/>
建议选用清华大学的镜像源（本文用阿里云的源安装异常）。
pip install torch -i https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
添加或修改%HOMEPATH%\pip\pip.ini文件，%HOMEPATH%通常为C:\Users\{UserName}，添加pip目录及pip.ini配置文件，建议选用清华大学的镜像源（本文用阿里云的源安装异常）。
添加路径
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = mirrors.aliyun.com安装步骤
- 初始化1个项目，选择conda环境及python 3.9版本。
选择对应配置
2. 选择菜单栏：Run -> Run &#39;main&#39;，显示“Hi，PyCharm”创建成功。
运行成功
3. 点击下方terminal窗口开始安装：
PS C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject> pip install torch
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting torch
Downloading https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/82/49/cb675c5b70a081f39a2b09d0b4d98a2b14f08d895b3439fe3c0c48163018/torch-1.10.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (226.5 MB)
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Installing collected packages: typing-extensions, torch
Successfully installed torch-1.10.2 typing-extensions-4.0.1
PS C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject> pip install mindspore
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting mindspore
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Installing collected packages: six, pyparsing, numpy, scipy, psutil, protobuf, pillow, packaging, asttokens, mindspore
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PS C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject> pip install tensorflow
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
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Collecting markdown>=2.6.8
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Building wheels for collected packages: termcolor
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, werkzeug, tensorboard-plugin-wit, tensorboard-data-server, markdown, grpcio, google-auth-oauthlib, absl-py, wrapt, tf-estimator-nightly, termcolor, tensorflow-io-gcs-filesystem, ten
sorboard, opt-einsum, libclang, keras-preprocessing, keras, h5py, google-pasta, gast, flatbuffers, astunparse, tensorflow
Successfully installed absl-py-1.0.0 astunparse-1.6.3 cachetools-5.0.0 charset-normalizer-2.0.11 flatbuffers-2.0 gast-0.5.3 google-auth-2.6.0 google-auth-oauthlib-0.4.6 google-pasta-0
.2.0 grpcio-1.43.0 h5py-3.6.0 idna-3.3 importlib-metadata-4.10.1 keras-2.8.0 keras-preprocessing-1.1.2 libclang-13.0.0 markdown-3.3.6 oauthlib-3.2.0 opt-einsum-3.3.0 pyasn1-0.4.8 pyas
n1-modules-0.2.8 requests-2.27.1 requests-oauthlib-1.3.1 rsa-4.8 tensorboard-2.8.0 tensorboard-data-server-0.6.1 tensorboard-plugin-wit-1.8.1 tensorflow-2.8.0 tensorflow-io-gcs-filesy
stem-0.23.1 termcolor-1.1.0 tf-estimator-nightly-2.8.0.dev2021122109 urllib3-1.26.8 werkzeug-2.0.3 wrapt-1.13.3 zipp-3.7.0安装过程对比
总体上安装速度：MindSpore > PyTorch > TensorFlow，不过整体时间都不算特别长，可接受范围。
| 软件名称 | 自身包大小 | 依赖包大小 | 依赖包个数 | | PyTorch | 226.5M | 22KB | 1 | | MindSpore | 64.8M | 56M | 7 | | Tensorflow | 438M | 31.6M | 36 |
安装验证
在代码中输入3个框架的import代码，然后点击运行Run->Run &#39;main&#39;。
# This is a sample Python script.
# Press Shift+F10 to execute it or replace it with your code.
# Press Double Shift to search everywhere for classes, files, tool windows, actions, and settings.
import torch
import tensorflow
import mindspore
def print_hi(name):
# Use a breakpoint in the code line below to debug your script.
print(f&#39;Hi, {name}&#39;) # Press Ctrl+F8 to toggle the breakpoint.
# Press the green button in the gutter to run the script.
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
print_hi(&#39;PyCharm&#39;)
# See PyCharm help at https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/运行结果如下：
- PyTorch：正常。
- TensorFlow：报告警（没有cuda相关库）。
- MindSpore：抛异常（找不到相关库）。
C:\Users\HW\anaconda3\envs\AIProject\python.exe C:/Users/HW/PycharmProjects/AIProject/main.py
2022-02-12 17:31:57.056487: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:64] Could not load dynamic library &#39;cudart64_110.dll&#39;; dlerror: cudart64_110.dll not found
2022-02-12 17:31:57.056668: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.
Traceback (most recent call last):
File &#34;C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject\main.py&#34;, line 8, in <module>
import mindspore
File &#34;C:\Users\HW\anaconda3\envs\AIProject\lib\site-packages\mindspore\__init__.py&#34;, line 18, in <module>
from . import common, train, log
File &#34;C:\Users\HW\anaconda3\envs\AIProject\lib\site-packages\mindspore\common\__init__.py&#34;, line 16, in <module>
from . import dtype
File &#34;C:\Users\HW\anaconda3\envs\AIProject\lib\site-packages\mindspore\common\dtype.py&#34;, line 20, in <module>
from .._c_expression import typing, EnvInstance_
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named &#39;mindspore._c_expression&#39;
Process finished with exit code 1经过分析下载日志发现，默认下载的版本不是对应的win_amd64版本（其余2个框架均是win_amd64版本），而是mindspore-1.5.1-cp39-none-any.whl，因此通过命令“pip uninstall mindspore”卸载此无效版本。
PS C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject> pip install https://ms-release.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/1.5.2/MindSpore/cpu/x86_64/mindspore-1.5.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting mindspore==1.5.2
Downloading https://ms-release.obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/1.5.2/MindSpore/cpu/x86_64/mindspore-1.5.2-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (70.5 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 70.5 MB 6.4 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (9.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=1.5.2 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (1.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: psutil>=5.6.1 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (5.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (1.22.1)
Requirement already satisfied: asttokens>=1.1.13 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: protobuf>=3.13.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore==1.5.2) (3.19.4)
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from asttokens>=1.1.13->mindspore==1.5.2) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from packaging>=20.0->mindspore==1.5.2) (3.0.7)
Installing collected packages: mindspore
Successfully installed mindspore-1.5.2然后再点击运行Run->Run &#39;main&#39;。
3个框架导入成功
- 实验2：切换成清华大学的安装源，成功获取到mindspore-1.6.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl，最终也安装运行成功。
清华大学镜像源图片
PS C:\Users\HW\PycharmProjects\AIProject> pip install mindspore -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting mindspore
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/91/59/a19eec6b5f047f11779c3edb6b04455611fefa244cd36b46680efc269db5/mindspore-1.6.0-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl (85.8 MB)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (9.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: protobuf>=3.13.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (3.19.4)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.17.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (1.22.1)
Requirement already satisfied: psutil>=5.6.1 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (5.9.0)
Requirement already satisfied: asttokens>=2.0.0 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (2.0.5)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=1.5.2 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from mindspore) (1.8.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from asttokens>=2.0.0->mindspore) (1.16.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2 in c:\users\hw\anaconda3\envs\aiproject\lib\site-packages (from packaging>=20.0->mindspore) (3.0.7)
Installing collected packages: mindspore
Successfully installed mindspore-1.6.0最后上阿里云镜像查看了一遍mindspore版本，确实比其他镜像源少了对应的win_amd64版本：
阿里云镜像
附：本文安装过程所使用的设备及系统信息
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