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PostgreSQL在线安装
PostgreSQL版本：11.15
PostGIS版本：3.1
安装PostgreSQL###
1、添加yum源
yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
2、安装postgresql 11
yum install -y postgresql11-server
3、初始化设置
/usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
4、启动postgresql并设置开机自启
systemctl start postgresql-11systemctl enable postgresql-11
5、修改progres用户（系统用户）密码
passwd postgres回车输入两次新密码
6、修改数据库用户progres（postgresql超级管理员）密码
su - postgres //切换到postgres用户 psql //登录postgresql postgres=# ALTER ROLE postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgrespass'; //postgrespass为密码
7、修改配置
# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf......listen_addresses = '*' #监听地址，"*"号代表侦听本机所有ip......将认证方式修改为密码认证# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf......# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only#local all all peerlocal all all md5# IPv4 local connections:#hostall all 127.0.0.1/32scram-sha-256hostall all 127.0.0.1/32trust #本机不需要密码验证hostall all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 #其他ip需要密码验证# IPv6 local connections:#hostall all ::1/128 scram-sha-256hostall all ::1/128 md5# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the# replication privilege.#local replication all peer#hostreplication all 127.0.0.1/32scram-sha-256#hostreplication all ::1/128 scram-sha-256local replication all md5hostreplication all 127.0.0.1/32trust #本机不需要密码验证hostreplication all ::1/128 md5......
重启postgresql服务生效
systemctl restart postgresql-11
8、防火墙放行5432端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcpfirewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent安装PostGIS插件
1. 添加epel源
yum -y install epel-release.noarch
2. 安装对应版本的插件及其依赖
yum -y install postgis31_11 postgis31_11-client yum -y install ogr_fdw11 yum -y install pgrouting_11
此处的11为 postgresql 版本号
postgresql和postgis版本对应关系：https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/UsersWikiPostgreSQLPostGIS
PostgreSQL离线安装
说明：已打包离线yum源，已上传至附件，附件名为pgsql11_packages_new.tar.gz
PostgreSQL版本：11.15
PostGIS版本：3.1
配置本地yum源###
1、创建存放目录
mkdir /repo
2、上传打包好的离线yum源，并解压至/repo目录下
tar -zxvf pgsql11_packages.tar.gz -C /repo/
3、配置本地yum源
# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-* /etc/yum.repos.d/bak/# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo//文件中添加以下内容[local]name=localbaseurl=file:///repo/pgsql_packages/gpgcheck=0enabled=1
验证yum源是否可用
# yum clean all# yum repolistLoaded plugins: fastestmirrorDetermining fastest mirrorslocal | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 local/primary_db | 96 kB 00:00:00 repo id repo namestatuslocal local130repolist: 130
如果repolist的值为0，则yum源存在问题
安装PostgreSQL###
1、安装postgresql 11
yum install -y postgresql11-server
2、初始化设置
/usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb
3、启动postgresql并设置开机自启
systemctl start postgresql-11systemctl enable postgresql-11
4、修改progres用户（系统用户）密码
passwd postgres回车输入两次新密码
5、修改数据库用户progres（postgresql超级管理员）密码
su - postgres//切换到postgres用户psql//登录postgresqlpostgres=# ALTER ROLE postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgrespass';//postgrespass为密码
6、修改配置
# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf......listen_addresses = '*'//监听地址，"*"号代表侦听本机所有ip......将认证方式修改为密码认证# vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf......# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only#local all all peerlocal all all md5# IPv4 local connections:#hostall all 127.0.0.1/32scram-sha-256hostall all 127.0.0.1/32trust#本机不需要密码验证hostall all 0.0.0.0/0 md5 #其他ip需要密码验证# IPv6 local connections:#hostall all ::1/128 scram-sha-256hostall all ::1/128 md5# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the# replication privilege.#local replication all peer#hostreplication all 127.0.0.1/32scram-sha-256#hostreplication all ::1/128 scram-sha-256local replication all md5hostreplication all 127.0.0.1/32trust#本机不需要密码验证hostreplication all ::1/128 md5......
重启postgresql服务生效
systemctl restart postgresql-11
7、防火墙放行5432端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcpfirewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent安装PostGIS插件###
安装对应版本的插件及其依赖
yum -y install postgis31_11 postgis31_11-clientyum -y install ogr_fdw_11yum -y install pgrouting_11
此处的11为 postgresql 版本号
postgresql和postgis版本对应关系：https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/UsersWikiPostgreSQLPostGIS
PostgreSQL编译安装##
说明：
所需的rpm包已打包离线yum源，上传至附件，附件名为pgsql_packages_source_rpm.tar.gz
需要编译安装的各源码包也已打包上传至附件，附件名为pgsql_install_source.tar.gz
PostgreSQL版本：11.15
PostGIS版本：3.1.2
安装编译环境###
添加epel源
# yum -y install epel-release
安装依赖包和gcc等编译工具
# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ wget llvm5.0 llvm5.0-devel clang libicu-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed readline readline-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pam-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel openldap-devel systemd-devel tcl-devel python-devel bzip2 gmp-devel mpfr-devel编译安装postgresql###
创建用户并设置密码
# useradd postgres# passwd postgres
创建安装目录
# mkdir /data/pgsql11 -p
上传源码包
源码包下载地址：https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/
解压源码包
# tar -zxvf postgresql-11.15.tar.gz
初始化
# cd postgresql-11.15/# ./configure --prefix=/data/pgsql11 --enable-nls --with-python --with-tcl --with-gssapi --with-icu --with-openssl --with-pam --with-ldap --with-systemd --with-libxml --with-libxslt --with-perl --enable-thread-safety --enable-debug
编译 && 安装
# make# make install
安装contrib目录下的一些工具
# cd contrib# make# make install
编辑环境变量
# vim /home/postgres1/.bash_profile添加下列内容PGHOME=/data/pgsql11PGDATA=/data/pgdataPATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/libexport PGDATA PATH PGHOME
创建数据目录
# mkdir /data/pgdata -p
修改所属人所属组
# chown postgres:postgres -R /data/pgsql11/# chown postgres:postgres -R /data/pgdata/
切换到postgres用户
# su - postgres
初始化postgresql
$ /data/pgsql11/bin/initdb -D /data/pgdata/
创建日志存放目录
$ mkdir /data/pgdata/logs
启动postgresql
$ /data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl -D /data/pgdata/ -l /data/pgdata/logs/logfile start
登录postgresql
psql//登录postgresqlpostgres=# ALTER ROLE postgres WITH PASSWORD 'password';//修改postgres用户密码
修改配置
$ vim /data/pgdata/postgresql.conf......listen_addresses = '*'//监听地址，"*"号代表监听本机所有ip......端口默认为5432连接数默认为100
修改认证方式
$ vim /data/pgdata/pg_hba.conf......# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections onlylocal all all md5# IPv4 local connections:hostall all 127.0.0.1/32trust//本机127.0.0.1允许免密登录hostall all 0.0.0.0/0 md5# IPv6 local connections:hostall all ::1/128 md5# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the# replication privilege.local replication all md5hostreplication all 127.0.0.1/32trusthostreplication all ::1/128 md5
重载postgresql配置
/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl reload
配置为systemd管理
先停止postgresql服务
$ /data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl stop停止postgresql服务
切换回root用户 编辑.service文件
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service[Unit]Description=The PostgreSQL Database ServerAfter=syslog.targetAfter=network.target[Service]Type=forkingUser=postgresGroup=postgresExecStart=/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl start -D /data/pgdata -l /data/pgdata/logs/logfileExecStop=/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl stopExecReload=/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_ctl reload -D /data/pgdataTimeoutSec=300[Install]WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动postgresql
# systemctl start postgresql.service编译安装PostGIS
安装的PostGIS为3.1，依赖的库有geos，proj，gdal，libxml，json-c，protobuf，如果要支持三维需安装sfcgal，如果要做路网分析需安装pgrouting（可单独安装）。
安装geos
# wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.9.1.tar.bz2# tar -jxvf geos-3.9.1.tar.bz2# cd geos-3.9.1安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/geos-3.9.1# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/geos-3.9.1/lib# ldconfig
安装proj
本次安装proj6.3.2，依赖较高版本的sqlite
先安装sqllite# wget https://www.sqlite.org/2021/sqlite-autoconf-3340100.tar.gz# tar -zxvf sqlite-autoconf-3340100.tar.gz# cd sqlite-autoconf-3340100# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sqlite# make# make install替换系统旧的sqllite# mv /usr/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/sqlite3_old# ln -s /usr/local/sqlite/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/sqlite3# sqlite3 --version3.34.1 2021-01-20 14:10:07 10e20c0b43500cfb9bbc0eaa061c57514f715d87238f4d835880cd846b9ebd1f将pkg_config暴露出去，避免proj找不到sqlite的问题# export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
然后再安装proj6.3.2
# wget http://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-6.3.2.tar.gz# tar -zxvf proj-6.3.2.tar.gz# cd proj-6.3.2安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/proj-6.3.2# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/proj-6.3.2/lib# ldconfig
安装json-c
# wget https://github.com/json-c/json-c/archive/json-c-0.13.1-20180305.tar.gz# tar -zxvf json-c-0.13.1-20180305.tar.gz# cd json-c-json-c-0.13.1-20180305/安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/json-c-0.13.1# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/json-c-0.13.1/lib# ldconfig
安装libxml
# tar -zxvf libxml2-2.9.7.tar.gz# cd libxml2-2.9.7/安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2-2.9.7# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/libxml2-2.9.7/lib# ldconfig
安装protobuf
# yum -y install autoconf# yum -y install automake# yum -y install libtool libsysfs# wget https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/archive/v3.10.1.tar.gz或# wget https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.10.1/protobuf-all-3.10.1.tar.gz# protobuf-all-3.10.1.tar.gz# cd protobuf-3.10.1/# ./autogen.sh如果有configure则不需要这步安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1# make# make install编辑环境变量# vim /etc/profile添加以下内容export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1/lib/pkgconfigexport PROTOBUF_HOME=/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1export PATH=$PROTOBUF_HOME/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile验证# protoc --versionlibprotoc 3.10.1# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1/lib# ldconfig
安装protobuf-c
# wget https://github.com/protobuf-c/protobuf-c/releases/download/v1.3.2/protobuf-c-1.3.2.tar.gz# tar -zxvf protobuf-c-1.3.2.tar.gz# cd protobuf-c-1.3.2安装如果之前没设置PKG_CONFIG_PATH变量，需提前设置export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1/lib/pkgconfig# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/protobuf-c-1.3.2# make# make install编辑环境变量# vim /etc/profile添加export PATH=:/usr/local/protobuf-c-1.3.2/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/protobuf-c-1.3.2/lib# ldconfig
备注：如报错libprotobuf.so.21: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory，执行以下操作再编译
# echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf-3.10.1/lib:\$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
LD _ LIBRARY_PATH是Linux环境变量名，该环境变量主要用于指定查找共享库（动态链接库）时除了默认路径之外的其他路径。
安装sfcgal（三维，可选）
sfcgal需要cmkae编译，需先安装下cmake
# wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.16.2/cmake-3.16.2.tar.gz# tar -zxvf cmake-3.16.2.tar.gz# cd cmake-3.16.2安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/cmake-3.16.2# make# make install编辑环境变量# vim /etc/profile修改内容如下export CMAKE_HOME=/usr/local/cmake-3.16.2export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf-3.6.1/lib/pkgconfigexport PROTOBUF_HOME=/usr/local/protobuf-3.6.1export PATH=$CMAKE_HOME/bin:$PROTOBUF_HOME/bin:$PATH# source /etc/profile
sfcgal依赖boost，cgal，需要提前安装和编译，编译默认目录，避免编译sfcgal时各种找不到库的问题
# yum -y install boost-devel# wget https://github.com/CGAL/cgal/archive/releases/CGAL-4.13.tar.gz# tar -zxvf CGAL-4.13.tar.gz# cd cgal-releases-CGAL-4.13# mkdir build && cd build安装cgal# cmake ..# make# make install
编译安装sfcgal
# wget https://github.com/Oslandia/SFCGAL/archive/v1.3.7.tar.gz# tar -zxvf v1.3.7.tar.gz# cd SFCGAL-1.3.7安装# mkdir build && cd build# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/sfcgal-1.3.7 ..# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/sfcgal-1.3.7/lib64# ldconfig
安装gdal
# wget https://download.osgeo.org/gdal/3.0.2/gdal-3.0.2.tar.gz# tar -zxvf gdal-3.0.2.tar.gz# cd gdal-3.0.2/安装# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gdal-3.0.2 --with-pg=/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_config --with-proj=/usr/local/proj-6.3.2# make# make install# vim /etc/ld.so.conf添加/usr/local/gdal-3.0.2/lib# ldconfig
安装PostGIS
源码下载地址：http://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/
# tar -zxvf postgis-3.1.2.tar.gz# cd postgis-3.1.2/# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/postgis31 --with-gdalconfig=/usr/local/gdal-3.0.2/bin/gdal-config --with-pgconfig=/data/pgsql11/bin/pg_config --with-geosconfig=/usr/local/geos-3.9.1/bin/geos-config --with-projdir=/usr/local/proj-6.3.2 --with-xml2config=/usr/local/libxml2-2.9.7/bin/xml2-config --with-jsondir=/usr/local/json-c-0.13.1 --with-protobufdir=/usr/local/protobuf-c-1.3.2 --with-sfcgal=/usr/local/sfcgal-1.3.7/bin/sfcgal-config# make# make install
修改权限
# chown postgres:postgres -R /data/pgdata/# chown postgres:postgres -R /data/pgsql11/
重启postgresql
# systemctl stop postgresql.service# systemctl start postgresql.service |
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