新概念英语3册 lesson10-12补充笔记
Lesson 10 The lossof the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
◆Southamptonn. 南安普敦（英国港市）
◆colossal adj.庞大的
◆watertight adj.不漏水的
◆compartmentn. （轮船的）密封舱
◆flood v.充满水
◆float v.漂浮，飘浮
◆tragic adj.悲惨的
◆liner n.班船
◆voyage n.航行
◆iceberg n.冰山
◆lookout n.瞭望员
◆collision n.碰撞
◆narrowly adv.刚刚，勉强地
◆miss v.避开
◆slight adj.轻微的
◆tremble v.震颤
◆faint adj.微弱的
◆horror n.恐惧
◆abandon v.抛弃
◆plunge v.投入，跳入
◆lifeboat n.救生船
★Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市）
★colossal adj. 庞大的
big, large, huge,great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titanic
colossal: large insize
A ship Titanic wascolossal.
a colossalmonument; a colossal statue
big:大的，重要的
You give me a bigsurprise.
He is a bigperson.
The box is big.
large:体积大，数量大
an empty large box
a large number ofpeople
great: 伟大
vast:辽阔，广阔 vast desert
immense:
immeasurable 不可测量的
an immense stadium, immense iceberg
enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big
Eg: He made a bigsuccess. / He made an enoumous success.
giant: 巨大的，高大的
a giant person 巨人；gigantic
tremendous: big,fast, powerful
The plane is travelingat tremendous speed.
titanic 用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大
The ship istitanic.
huge:强调体积大 a huge stone 数量巨大a hugesum of money
★watertight adj. 不漏水的
a watertight ship
watertight 引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的
watertight
arguments 无懈可击的论点
watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口
waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表
waterproof coat 防水雨衣
★compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱
★flood v. 充满水
vt. & n.
vt. be filled withwater; the ship is flooded.
The room was flooded with moonlight.
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L10-02 begin 11’00”
Our classroom wasflooded with sunshine.
n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛滥； 引申表示连续不断的
During the rains,the river is in flood.
in a flood of
words 滔滔不绝的
She blamed herhusband in a flood of words on seeing him.
★float v. 漂浮， 飘浮
drift
★tragic adj. 悲惨的
unfoutunate; atragic accident
miserable 苦难的 bitter痛苦的
tragedy n. 悲剧，惨剧 in tragedy 以悲剧形式
The holiday endedin tragedy.
comedy 喜剧 comic 喜剧的，滑稽的comical 古怪的，可笑的
★liner n. 班船
★voyage n. 航行
voyage 海上航行
flight 飞行
journey 长途行程
navigation 航海，航海术
The voyage is morethan the old lady can bear.
★iceberg n. 冰山
★lookout n. 瞭望员
★collision n. 碰撞
collide vi 碰撞，抚触
The plane collidedwith the mountain
crash v. 坠毁
It is said thatthere is an airplane that crashed in the mountains.
conflict vi. 和某事（某人）相抵触
My idea conflictswith yours.
clash vi. 相冲突
Eg: His weddingclashed with my examination, so I couldn’t go.
★narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地
★miss v. 避开
★slight adj. 轻微的
★tremble v. 震颤
tremble v. 有规律的、小幅度的抖动
Look, your handsare trembling, what’s wrong with you?
shiver v. 强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动
I found he’sshivering in a cold.
shudder vi. 强调全身的颤栗
The boy isshuddering, why? Because he was frightened.
★faint adj. 微弱的
faint: weak
faint sound / weaksound; wea voice / faint voice
faint: unconscious失去知觉
He has been faintfor a long time.
slight 轻微的，微不足道的
a slight headache;a slight book
★horror n. 恐惧
★abandon v. 抛弃
abandon 因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物
He abandoned hisresearch because of the war.
desert 背弃，遗弃
desert the army;desert the duty; desert his family
★plunge v. 投入，跳入
plunge: jump orrush suddenly and wildly
He got so angrythat he plunge into the water.
When the shipTitanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged into…
jump:侧重强调快速地跳
The boy is jumpingup and down.
leap: 跳跃He leapt out of the sleeping bad.
dive 跳水、潜水
★lifeboat n. 救生船
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L10-03 begin11’53”
【Text】
§Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没
What would havehappened if only two of the sixteen water-tight compartments had been flooded?
The great ship,Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She wascarrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not onlythe largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, forshe had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, shewould still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner willalways be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss oflife.
Four days aftersetting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the NorthAtlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarmhad been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. TheTitanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice whichrose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slighttrembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged.Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly,for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! Theorder to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icywater. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.
【课文讲解】
The loss of theTitanic
The great ship,
Titanic, sailed for …背景介绍
sail for 航海去往某处
set out (off) for 出发去往某处
leave for, headfor, make for
Eg: He will setout for the Atlantic.
The plane ismaking for the airport.
We are heading forCanada.
She eas carrying…
carry 表示载有； a crew of 一组人员
Even by… by :
according to 表示依据
modern standards 现代的标准
by regulation 依据规则 ; by ruies 依据条例
by our estimate 根据我们的估计
by one’s looks /
by one’s appearance 根据某人的长相
according to 依据（事实、课文等客观存在的现实）
according to the
fact 依据事实
according to the
text 依据这篇课文
在我看来：in my opinion
according to / inaccordance with
in accordance with更加正式
in accordance with
law 依据法律
in accordance withrules
at that time 在当时
not only… but
(also )… 不仅…而且
be regarded as: be
considered to be, be thought of as 把…看作为
口语中：regard sb. / sth. as + (n. / pron. / adj./ doing / done)
Eg: I regarded hisidea as totally unacceptable.
We can’t regardthe matter as settled.
for 表示原因
be able to 强调有能力
be remembered 被永远记住
go down: sink
on her first
voyage 处女航， 首航
with heavy loss of
life 损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡
four days aftersetting out… : four days after setting off…
…spotted…:suddenly discovered by a look out
icy waters 水域，海域
the alarm had been
given 发出警
to avoid…不定式表目的
just in time 很及时
missing 现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明
narrowly 勉强地
which 指代the immense wall of ice
from below 从下方 from above从上方
… so faint that noone thought that…
so… that…
to one’s horror 使某人感到惊讶
five of hersixteen watertight compartments had been filled with water.
The order was given命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语
As (because )there were not enough lifeboats… 1,500 lives died.
the order was
given. 命令被下达
to abandon ship 弃船不定式做做定语
ability 能力
the ability to dosth.
order sb. to dosth.
be capable ofdoing sth. 强调有做某事的能力
capability of
doing sth. 做某事的能力
L10-03 end 11’53”
L10-04 begin10’44”
【Special difficulties】
Word Building 构词法
动词后加-er, 如果是以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r, 表示行为的主动者，做某事的人。
work----worker teach----teacher murder----murderer
write----writer read----reader
动词后加-ist, 表示某种主义者、信仰者；从事某种事业、研究的人
copy----copyist type----typist novel ---- novelist
drug----druggist tobacco----- tobacconist
形容词后加-ness, 抽象名词，表示一种性质、情况、状态
kind----kindness bitter----bitterness happy----happiness
willing----willngness
某些动词后加-ion, 构成名词
suggent----suggestion…
以-te结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉，再加-ion
translate----translation complete---- completion
graduate----graduation
某些以-aim /-ain 结尾的动词，把-i 去掉，再加-ation
explain----explanation exclaim----exclamation
以-ity 结尾，放在形容词之后，构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态
以-able / -ible 对尾的形容词变成名词，充成–ability / -ibility
able----ability probable----probability possible----possibility mobile----mobility
Exercese
Supply the missingwords in the following sentences:
1 He studied physics at university. He is ap____ .
2 He works in a mine. He is a m_____ .
3 Pasteur did a great service to _____ (human).
4 He is trying to make a good _____ ( impress).
5 His paintings have been admired for their_____ (original ).
Key: 1.physicist 2. miner 3.humanity 4. impression 5. originality
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 When the Titanic set out from Southampton_____ .
a. she wascarrying a very large cargo
b. she was makinga voyage which is only attempted by very large ships
c. only two of herwatertight compartments were flooded
d. she was sailingon her maiden voyage
1. D
2 What happened once the icebery had beenspotted?
a. The Titanic gotlost in the icy waters of the North Atlantic.
b. The alarm wasgiven that there was a collision ahead.
c. The Titanicquickly changed her course.
d. The Titanicturned just as the iceberg rose steeply out of the water.
2. C
3 The Titanic sank because _____ .
a. she had beenbadly damaged by an iceberg
b. the captain wasslow to realize the true nature of the damage
c. no more thanfive of her watertight compartments had been flooded
d. instead oftrying to save her, people plunged into the water
3. A
Structure
4 _____ were 1,316 passengers and a crew of 891. (ll.2-3)
a. On herboard b. On board her c. Boarding her d. On boarding ner
4. B her 指代的是the great ship
on board the plane/ the train
5 No one thought she _____ sink, for she hadsixteen watertight compartments. (ll.5-6)
a. would bepossible to b. would be able to c. shouldd. could possibly
5. D 表示下沉的可能性
6 She _____ four days when a huge iceberg wassuddenly spotted. (ll.9-10)
a, sailed b. was sailing c. has sailed d. had been sailing
有了段时间four, 用过去完成进行时
6．D
7 So faint _____ that no one thought…(ll.13-14)
a. the noisewas b. had been the noise c. it was the noise d. ithad been the noise
So位于句首，句子必须倒装
7．B
8 As there were _____ lifeboats for every body…(ll.16-17)
a. as little b. so little c. very few d. too few
not enoughlifeboats
8. D
Vocabulary
9 The great ship _____ sharply to avoid adirect collision. (ll.10-11)
a. veered b. changed c. went back d. cornered
突然转向
veer = turn
9. A
10 The Titanic turned _____ narrowly missing theimmense wall… )ll.11-12)
a. in next to notime b. on a sudden impulse c. with no time to spare d. nearly on time
just in tome 躲得很及时
in next to no time= at once, immediately
on a sudden
impulse:凭一时的冲动
10. C
11. The captainwent down to _____ . (l.13)
a. explore b. investigate c. examine d. inquire
重点在于下去调查
11．B
12 There was not enough _____ in the lifeboatsfor everybody. (ll.16-17)
a. room b. placec. volume d. area
room 空间 volume容量，容积 area地区 place地方，地点
12. A
L10-04 §Lesson10 end10’44”
L11-01 §Lesson11 begin
§ Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
◆guilty adj.犯罪的，违法的
◆tolerant adj.宽容的
◆declare v.申报
◆hardened adj.有经验的
◆professional adj. 职业的，专业的
◆smuggler n.走私者
◆officious adj.爱管闲事的
◆confidentlyadj. 自信地
◆dreadful adj.可怕的，一团糟的
◆pounce v.猛抓，扑住
◆perfume n.香水
◆sarcastically adv. 讽刺地
◆exempt adj.被免除的
◆duty n.税
◆gel n.凝胶
◆mixture n.混合物
◆unscrew v.拧开
◆nostril n.鼻孔
◆chalk n.粉笔
◆baggage n.行李
★guilty adj. 犯罪的，违法的
He felt guiltywhen he did what he shouldn’t have done.
He said that witha guilty smile.
guilt n.
guiltily a.
反义词：innocent, innocence n.
★tolerant adj. 宽容的
a tolerant personmust be easy going.
tolerantly ad.
tolerance n.
tolerate vt.
tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，说得过去的
★declare v. 申报
★hardened adj. 有经验的
（侧重于老练的）
a hardened player
a hardened thief
experienced (侧重于有经验的)
an experiencedteacher
★professional adj. 职业的，专业的
a professionalplayer选手
★smuggler n. 走私者
★officious adj. 爱管闲事的
a lot of oldladies are officious.
officiously adv.
officiousness n.
officious civil
servant 好管闲事的公务员
an officiouspolice officer
official 官方的，官员的，正式的
An official
inquiry will be made into this matter. 对此事将进行一次官方调查
★confidently adj. 自信地
He went to do thework confidently.
= with confidence 充满信心的
confident adj.
confidence n.
have confidence有信心
gain confidence获得信心
in confidence悄悄的，秘密的= secretly
take sb. into one’s confidence以某人为心腹
Eg: The boss takehis secretary into his confidence.
★dreadful adj. 可怕的，一团糟的
= frightful （表示胆怯的，恐惧的）
dreadful (侧重于可怕的，乱七八糟的)
★pounce v. 猛抓， 扑住
★perfume n. 香水
fragrance:（抽象名词） 芬芳，芳香
★sarcastically adv. 讽刺地
★exempt adj. 被免除的
★duty n. 税
Customs Duty:关税
Stamp duty 印花税
duty free 免税的
同义词taxincome tax所得税
★gel n. 凝胶
★mixture n. 混合物
mix v. mix sth. with
★unscrew v. 拧开
★nostril n. 鼻孔
★chalk n. 粉笔
★baggage n. 行李
同义词luggage
【Text】
§ Lesson 11 Not guilty 无罪
Q: What was theCustoms Officer looking for?
Customs Officersare quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are goingthrough the Green Channel and have nothing to declae. Even really honest peopleare often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the otherhand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred goldwatches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, aparticularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.
'Have you anythingto declare?' he asked, looking me in the eye.
'No,' I answeredconfidently.
'Would you mindunlocking this suitcase please ?'
'Not at all,' Ianswered.
The Officer wentthrough the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully weresoon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the caseagain. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tinybottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
'Perfume, eh?' heasked sarcastically. 'You should have declared that. ' Perfume is not exemptfrom import duty.'
'But it isn'tperfume,' I said.' It's hair-oil.' Then I added with a smile,' It's a strangemixture I make myself.'
As I expected, hedid not believe me.
'Try it!' I said encouragingly.
The Officerunscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by anunpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A fewminutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk-marks on mybaggage.
【课文讲解】
quite tolerant
我们在运用形容词、动词时，往往需要用副词来强调。
表示“真正的”really
a really officiousperson
强调“特别，尤其是”particularly
强调“绝对的”absolutely
强调“完全的，彻底的”completely, entirely, fully,thoroughly
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L11-02 begin9’33”
fairly----强调“一般般”
very ----语气程度强烈“非常”
rather----语意程度接近fairly, 注意修饰形容词和副词，特别是形容词同时修饰名词时，不定冠词的位置。
A fairly goodbook.
A rather good book/ Rather a good book
rather too
quite---- ~ right
/ wrong / mistaken / sure 绝对不能用very替代。
Even really honestpeople…
a particularly officiousyoung Customs Officer…
the Green Channel= the Custom Office
are made to feelguilty
madk, have, let 及感官性动词see, hear, notice, feel 用于主动语态，符合宾语不定式的to符号应该省略。但这种结构改成被动式时，不定式符号必须还原。
We heard someonecome up the stairs.
Someone was heardto come up the stairs.
(On the one hand…,) on the other hand
On the one hand we could stay and help you,but on the other hand it might be better if you went to help him instead.
hidden in hissuitcase
过去分词短语作定语，修饰watches.
even if / thoughhe has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.
looking me in the
eye: 两眼直盯盯的注视着我
look sb. in theface, stare sb. in the eye = look directly at sb.
Not one of the mendared look him in the eye.
'Would you mindunlocking this suitcase please ?'
L11-02 end 9’33”
L11-03 begin 10’44”
The Officer wentthrough the case with great care. = The Officer examined the case carefully.
with great
care----强调相当的仔细
in a mess:乱作一团
介词in 和名词搭配，表示一种状态
秩序井然：ingood order
身体健康：ingood health
心情好： in a good mood
脾气好： in a good temper
light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发
Eg: Masha's facelit up when she saw her old friend.
His face lighted up at the small triumph.
Tom really lighted up when he saw the newbiccycle.
light有两种过去分词，过去式形式：lit, lighted
但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被点燃的。要用lighted
一只被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar
点燃的火炬：a lighted stick.
介词短语－－with delight “欣喜若狂的”
with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情
自信地：with confidence
细心地：with care
骄傲的：with pride
欣喜若狂的：with delight
惊讶的：with surprise
pounce on:向…猛扑过去，对…大做文章
Eg: The policemanpounced on the thief.
Don't pounce on mymistake.
should have 和过去分词搭配，表示本应该做某事却没有做，具有谴责性的味道。
You should have arrived here five minutesearlier.
You should have told me about it.
本不应该做某事：shouldn’t have done
exempt:免除的，被免除的 be ~ from
Drinks are notexempt from import duty.
as----系代词， 引导非限制性定语从句。他所指代的内容就是主句的整个句子的含义。
As we know, the earth is round. (众所周知)
As Brian pointed out, …（正如…所指出的）
正如我很快得知的：assb. mentioned
关系代词as 和which的区别：
as所引导 的非限制性定语从句，可用在主句之前
which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句之后。
副词形式：encouragingly
He was greeted by an unpleasant smell…
greet:问候，向…致意；觉察到, 呈现在…眼前，在…耳边
I woke up and wasgreeted by a bird’s song.
Inside the roomadreadful mess greeted us.
When he went intothe kitchen, a smell greeted him.
precious:珍贵的
L11-03 end10’44”
L11-04 begin
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 What makes really honest peole feel guiltywhen going through Customs?
a. Having fivehunred gold watches hidden in their suitcases.
b. Theparticularly officious way Customs Officers always ask questions.
c. The fact thatthey are treatedas potential smugglers.
d. Carrying thingswhich are not exempt from imart duty.
1. C
2 What madethe Customs Officer’s face light up?
a. Knowing owdifficult it would be for the writer to close si case.
b. Seeing thebottle of hair gel which he could charge duty on.
c. The idea ofhaving found something which should have been declared.
d. discovering anunopened bottle of erfume at the bottom of the case.
what---- 名词
2．C
3 The writer was in a hurry to get away because_____ .
a. he had grownimpatient at having taken so long to get through Customs
b. he was anxiousto get away from the unleasant smell
c. he was afraidhe might still be stopped for smuggling
d. he was tryingto escape with precious chalk marks
3. A
Structure
4 The Customs Offficer asked him _____ he hadanything to declare. )l.9)
a. that b. whatc. for d. whether
4. D
5 ‘Have you anything to declare?’ he asked,looking _____ .(l.9)
a. direct tome b. me directly c. directly at me d. in my direction
look him in theeye / face = liik directly at him
5. C
6 ‘Would you _____ please? (l.11)
a. unlock kindlythis suitcase b. kindly unlick thissuitcase
c. unlock thissuitcasekindly d. be kind to unlockthis suitcase
Would you kindlydo sth. please?
6. B
7 he told him he _____ it. (l.16)
a. ought to havedeclared b. must hsve declared c. had to declare d. neededto declare
7. A
8 _____ the cap, the Officer put the bottle tohis nostrils. (l.22)
a. Havingunscrewed b. Unscrewed c. Being unscrewed d. With unscewed
8. A
Having finishedhis homework, he went to bed.
Vocabulary
9 Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days.They are _____ . (l.1)
a. tolerable b. placidc. easy-going d. negligent
tolerable 能忍耐的，可忍受的 placid平静的 tolerable宽容的，好相处的negligent 疏忽的
9．C
10 A hardened professional smuggler feels _____his behaviour. )ll.4-5)
a. unashamedof b. unwronged by c. unshocked by d. guiltless of
10. A
feel ashamed of 为… 感到羞愧
gultless of 无辜的
★11As I expected, he was _____ . (l.20)
a.incomprehensible b. incredible c. incredulous d. sceptical
incomprehensible =unable to be understood
The article is full of incomprehensibletechnical expressions.
incredible =
unbelievable 难以置信的
What you said isincredible.
incredulous 不轻信的
skeptical =
unwilling to believe 不愿意想念的，持怀疑态度的
11. D
12 I was able to hurry away with recious chalkmarks on my _____ . (ll.23-24_
a. hangbags b. luggage c. casement d. equipment
baggage = luggage
12. B
L11-04 end8’29”
L12-01 begin7’52”
§ Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活
【New words and expressions】生词和短语
desert island 荒岛
unrealistic adj. 不真实的
Paradise n. 天堂，乐土
wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的
Starve v. 挨饿
element n. 成分
opportunity n. 机会
coral n. 珊瑚
Virgin Islands 维尔京群岛
Miami n. 迈阿密（美国最南的城市）
dinghy n. 救生筏，小船
Caribbean n. 加勒比海
spear gun 捕鱼枪
lobster n. 龙虾
tanker n. 油轮
genuinely adv. 由衷地
Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊·克鲁索 （小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）
★desert island 荒岛
desert : 沙漠
v. 背弃，遗弃
dessert:甜点
★unrealistic adj. 不真实的
★paradise n. 天堂，乐土
a lot of peopleimagine the USA as their paradise.
heaven: 天堂，天国，也指死亡
★wretched adj. 可怜的，艰苦的
miserable
lead a wretched /miserable / terrible life
★starve v. 挨饿
starve to death
★element n. 成分
★opportunity n. 机会
golden opportunity绝佳的机会
opportunity knocks
only once 千载难逢的机会
chance 表机会时可以与opportunity 互换，表可能性时则不可
I had chance / opportunityof visiting Paris.
There is a chancethat I will see him.
The chances arethat he will be elected the president.
The chances arethat he will past his examination next week.
+ of, to
He had notopportunity to see her.
★oral n. 珊瑚
★irgin Islands 维尔京群岛
★Miami n. 迈阿密 （美国最南的城市）
★dinghy n. 救生筏，小船
★Caribbean n. 加勒比海
★spear gun 捕鱼枪
★lobster n. 龙虾
★tanker n. 油轮
★genuinely adv. 由衷地
He is genuinelythankful to me.
adj. genuine
n. genuineness
★Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊·克鲁索 （小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》主人公）
【Text】
§ Lesson 12 Life on a desert island 荒岛生活
What wasexceptional about the two men’s stay on the desert island?
Most of us haveformed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island. We sometimes imaginea desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines. Lifethere is simple and good. Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have towork. The other side of the picture is quite the opposite. Life on a desertisland is wretched. You either starve to death or live like Robinson Crusoe, waitingfor a boat which never comes. Perhaps there is an element of truth in boththese pictures, but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.
Two men whorecently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed there longer.They were taking a badly damaged boat from the Virgin Islands to Miami to haveit repaired. During the journey, their boat began to sink. They quickly loadeda small rubber dinghy with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a fewmiles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. Therewere hardly any trees on the island and there was no water, but this did notprove to be a problem. The men collected rain-water in the rubber dinghy. Asthey had brought a spear gun with them, they had plenty to eat. They caughtlobster and fish every day, and, as one of them put it 'ate like kings'. When apassing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry thatthey had to leave.
【课文讲解】
form an
unrealistic picture of sth. 对...抱有不切实际的幻想
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L12-02 begin
A large number ofpeople have formed an unrealistic picture of the job.
imagine sth. to be/ imagine sth. as
Some peopleimagine flying to be more dangerous than traveling by train.
A large numberpeople imagin the USA as their paradise.
quite the
opposite: 恰恰相反
either…or…
Either you or I am
going to the party. 谓语动词和最接近的主语保持一致。
Either coming or
go out don’t stand on the doorway.要么进来，要么出去，不要站在门口。
An element oftruth: a bit of truth
Optimistic: 乐观的
Pessimistic: 消极的，悲观的
Wish做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气；虚拟语气的结构形式取决于所表达的实际情况：
1.如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去时，be动词要用were
I wish you coulddrive a car.
2.如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，that从句中的动词要采用过去完成时
I wish I hadn’tspentso much money.
I wish that youhad written to him.
L12-02 end 8’18”
L12-03 begin8’09”
3. 如果表达与将来事实相反或将来不可能实现的心愿，that从句中要使用would,
could等情态动词的过去时
I wish that Icould go abroad tomorrow.
I wish that youcould come here tomorrow.
if only要比 wish 更富有戏剧性和感情色彩
If only theweather would change.
I wish the weatherwould change.
We wish that weknew where to look for him.
If only we knew tolook for him.
If only we couldhave gone to the party.
If only you hadn’tsaid that.
If only you wouldcome here tomorrow.
Have sth. Repaired
load with 把…装载到…上
Eg: The workersare loading the truck with goods.
Unload: 卸
hardly any: verylittle / few
Eg: Hardly anybodylikes him becaues he is so rude.
You hardly eat anything, what's wrong?
prove to be===turnout to be
put: express
If only we couldhave stayed on the desert island a little bit longer.
L12-03 end8’09”
L12-04 begin11’11”
【Special difficulties】
wish, if only
Exercise P60
1 It was silly of me not to buy that dress. Iwish I _____ .
2 You are making a lit of noise. I wish you_____ .
3 It’s a pity John’s away. If only he _____ .
4 He. I wish I _____ .
5 I never studied at all when I was at school.I wish I _____ .
6 I’m sorry I mentioned it to him. I wish I_____ .
Key: 1. had bought
it. 显然说明的是过去的情况“was “
2. couldn’t / wouldn’t make such noice…
3. were here… 强调“他在这儿，该有多好”；运用be动词，说明现在情况相反的概念，无论什么人称，be 动词应该使用were
4. could play thepiano so well
5. had studiedhard then. ( studied)
6. hadn’tmentioned it to him
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In what way are the pictures we form of lifeon a desert island unreal?
a. They fail topresent the wretchedness of such a sutuation.
b. We forget thatwe would be too weak to work and only imagine the pleasure of idleness.
c. They are eitherunduly optimistic or unduly pessimistic.
d. They lack anytruth at all as most of us have never visited one.
1. C 要么是过度乐观，要么是过度的悲观
2 What was the equipment the men had broughtthat proved essential to their survival?
a. Tools withwhich they had been going to repair theri boat.
b. Food, matchesand tins of beer.
c. Rainwater,lobster and fish.
d. A spear gun anda rubber dinghy.
Essential = very
necessary 绝对必要的，必不可少的
2. D
3 What made the men wish to stay on the desertisland?
a. Discovering howpleasant life can be fending for oneself.
b. Having seenvery few trees and no rainwater on the coral island.
c. The fact thattheyt were able to eat the same food as kings eat.
d. Knowing they nolonger needed to take their boat to Miami for repair.
3. A
fend for oneself: 独立的照料某人
虚拟语气
Structure
4 We sometimes think of a desert island _____ asort of paradise. (l.1)
a. to be b. as being c. isd. be
think of sb. /
sth. as : 把某人、某事看作为…
4. B
5 But _____ have had the opportunity to findout. (ll.7-8)
a. we few b. hardly anybody c. little people d. not many
few of us：我们当中，没有几个人
5．D
6 After _____ a few miles across the Caribbean,they arrived at a small coral island. (ll.11-12)
a. they rowed b. rowedc. rowing d. to row
after prep 其后要和名词、动名词搭配，and 前后连接的并列成分，时态是应该相呼应的
原句：They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy
with food, matches, and tins of beer and rowed for a few miles across the
Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island. 一般过去时形式
after引导的时间状语从句，表示动作在前
6．C
7 _____ were scarce there and there was nowater. (ll.12-13)
a. The trees b. Treesc. Any trees d. Trees on theisland
7．C
在表示类指概念的时候，可以采用名词的复数形式；或者运用名词的单数形式，注意冠词的修饰。（a tree, the tree ）
Refrigerators areuseful. = A refrigerator is useful.
7. C
8 Both men genuinely regretted _____ . (l.16)
a. theirleave b. to have to leave c. having to leave d. they must have left
为做过的事情后悔：regret +动名词
8．C
Vocabulary
9 A desert island is _____ place. (ll.1-2)
a. anunpopular b. an uninhabited c. a deserted d. a barren
inhabited: 有人居住的
uninhabited: 无人居住的
unpopular: 不流行的
barren : 贫瘠的
9．B
10 The other side of the picture is _____different.(ll.4-5)
a. naturally b. ratherc. really d. entirely
完全的不同
10．D
11 But this was not _____ to be a problem.(l.13)
a.demonstrated b. thought c. shownd. found
原句：this did not prove to be a problem
觉得、发现苛人或某事怎么样：find sb. / sth. to be
They found thetrip to be interesting. / very exciting.
某人或某事被发现怎么样：常用被动语态
The car is foundto be beautiful.
demonstrate: 论证，表明，举行，示威
11. D
12 And, as one of them _____ it, they ‘ate likekings’. (l.15)
a. expressed b. placedc. told d. said
原文：as one of them put it
12. A
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