从0到1一步一步玩转openEuler--06 openEuler XFCE 桌面环境的安装和使用
06 openEuler XFCE 桌面环境的安装和使用06 openEuler XFCE 桌面环境的安装和使用6.1 XFCE简介6.2 XFCE安装方法6.2.1 更新软件源6.2.2 安装字库6.2.3 安装Xorg6.2.4 安装XFCE及组件6.2.5 安装登录管理器6.2.6 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动6.2.7 使用登录管理器登录XFCE6.2.8 设置开机自启动图形界面6.2.9 重启生效6.3 XFCE图形界面6.4 问题处理
本文介绍常用的openEuler XFCE桌面环境的安装和使用方法，它提供美观易用、安全可靠的图形化操作界面，给用户带来更好的体验。
6.1 XFCE简介
XFCE是一款轻量级 Linux 桌面，当前版本已经将所有部件从 GTK2 更新到 GTK3，从D-Dbus Glib更新到GDBus，大部分组件支持Object Introspection（简称 GI，用于产生与解析 C 程序库 API 元信息，以便于动态语言（或托管语言）绑定基于 C + GObject 的程序库）。优化用户体验，加入新特性，并修补大量BUG。与其它UI界面（GNOME、KDE）相比，XFCE占用的内存和CPU使用量非常小，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。
XFCE支持x86_64和aarch64两种架构。
6.2 XFCE安装方法
安装时，建议新建一个管理员用户。
前提：下载openEuler ISO镜像并已安装系统。
6.2.1 更新软件源
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n13" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf update -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n15" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf update -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:45:19 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 11时09分36秒.
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Upgrading:
NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 2.2 M
NetworkManager-config-server noarch 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 12 k
NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.32.12-12.oe2203 update 1.6 M
acl x86_64 2.3.1-2.oe2203 update 51 k
atk x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 262 k
atk-devel x86_64 2.36.0-2.oe2203 update 196 k
augeas x86_64 1.13.0-3.oe2203 update 376 k
authselect x86_64 1.2.4-6.oe2203 update 189 k
bash x86_64 5.1.8-6.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bc x86_64 1.07.1-11.oe2203 update 89 k
bind-libs x86_64 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203 update 1.2 M
bind-license noarch 32:9.16.23-11.oe2203
.
.
.
vim-minimal-2:9.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
wayland-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 wayland-devel-1.19.91-4.oe2203.x86_64 words-3.0-33.oe2203.noarch
xz-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64 xz-libs-5.2.5-2.oe2203.x86_64
yajl-2.1.0-18.oe2203.x86_64
yum-4.10.0-7.oe2203.noarch
zlib-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.11-22.oe2203.x86_64
Installed:
duktape-2.6.0-1.oe2203.x86_64 elfutils-extra-0.185-13.oe2203.x86_64 grub2-tools-efi-1:2.06-15.oe2203.x86_64
kernel-5.10.0-60.68.0.93.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
# </pre>
6.2.2 安装字库
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu--fonts google--fonts -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n19" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu--fonts google--fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 2:44:53 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 10时39分32秒.
Package dejavu-fonts-2.37-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package liberation-fonts-1:2.00.5-4.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-mono-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-sans-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package gnu-free-serif-fonts-20120503-21.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-droid-sans-fonts-20200215-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-cjk-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-emoji-fonts-20200916-3.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-sans-cjk-ttc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-sans-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package google-noto-serif-cjk-ttc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version RepositorySize
================================================================================
Installing:
google-crosextra-carlito-fonts noarch 1.103-1.0.20130920.oe2203
everything 817 k
google-droid-kufi-fonts noarch 20200215-1.oe2203 OS 70 k
.
.
.
google-noto-serif-malayalam-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-myanmar-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-sinhala-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-slanted-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tamil-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tc-fonts-20170602-9.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-telugu-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-thai-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-tibetan-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-noto-serif-vf-fonts-20181223-1.oe2203.noarch
google-roboto-slab-fonts-1.100263-0.9.20150923git.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
# </pre>
6.2.3 安装Xorg
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n21" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install xorg-* -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n23" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install xorg-* -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:17:53 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时37分26秒.
Package xorg-x11-proto-devel-2021.5-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version RepositorySize
================================================================================
Installing:
xorg-x11-apps x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything 238 k
xorg-x11-apps-debuginfo x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo554 k
xorg-x11-apps-debugsource x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 debuginfo246 k
xorg-x11-apps-help x86_64 7.7-23.oe2203 everything65 k
xorg-x11-drivers x86_64 7.7-28.oe2203 OS 7.8 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 OS 156 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debuginfo x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo749 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-debugsource x86_64 19.1.0-3.oe2203 debuginfo222 k
xorg-x11-drv-ati-help noarch 19.1.0-3.oe2203 everything 329 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 OS 15 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debuginfo x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 47 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-debugsource x86_64 0.3.8-1.oe2203 debuginfo 16 k
xorg-x11-drv-dummy-help noarch 0.3.8-1.oe2203 everything17 k
xorg-x11-drv-evdev x86_64 2.10.6-4.oe2203 OS 113 k
.
.
.
xorg-x11-xauth-help-1:1.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xbitmaps-1.1.2-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xinit-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debuginfo-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-debugsource-1.4.1-1.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xinit-help-1.4.1-1.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debuginfo-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-debugsource-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-devel-7.7-30.oe2203.x86_64
xorg-x11-xkb-utils-help-7.7-30.oe2203.noarch
xorg-x11-xtrans-devel-1.4.0-1.oe2203.noarch
Complete!
# </pre>
6.2.4 安装XFCE及组件
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n25" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet *fonts -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n27" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet *fonts -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:19 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时56分02秒.
Package abattis-cantarell-fonts-0.301-1.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Package xorg-x11-fonts-7.5-24.oe2203.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version RepositorySize
================================================================================
Installing:
bpg-algeti-fonts noarch 2.005-12.oe2203 OS 36 k
bpg-chveulebrivi-fonts noarch 3.002-12.oe2203 OS 29 k
bpg-classic-fonts noarch 8.500-12.oe2203 everything25 k
bpg-courier-fonts noarch 4.002-12.oe2203 OS 31 k
bpg-courier-s-fonts noarch 4.000-12.oe2203 OS 51 k
bpg-dedaena-block-fonts noarch 3.005-12.oe2203 everything36 k
bpg-dejavu-sans-fonts noarch 2.28-12.oe2203 everything34 k
bpg-elite-fonts noarch 3.000-12.oe2203 OS 35 k
bpg-excelsior-caps-fonts noarch 2.003-12.oe2203 everything87 k
bpg-excelsior-fonts noarch 2.03-12.oe2203 OS 24 k
bpg-glaho-fonts noarch 9.000-12.oe2203 OS 29 k
bpg-irubaqidze-fonts noarch 1.000-12.oe2203 everything29 k
bpg-mikhail-stephan-fonts noarch 2.500-12.oe2203 everything35 k
bpg-mrgvlovani-fonts noarch 1.002-12.oe2203 everything61 k
bpg-nino-medium-fonts noarch 4.005-12.oe2203 OS 33 k
bpg-sans-fonts noarch 1.005-12.oe2203 OS 122 k
bpg-sans-modern-fonts noarch 2.025-12.oe2203 OS 34 k
bpg-serif-modern-fonts noarch 2.028-12.oe2203 OS 44 k
bpg-ucnobi-fonts noarch 3.300-12.oe2203 everything35 k
.
.
.
xfce4-volumed-pulse-debugsource-0.2.3-2.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-debuginfo-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-wavelan-plugin-debugsource-0.6.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-debuginfo-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-weather-plugin-debugsource-0.11.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-debuginfo-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-debugsource-2.5.3-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-debuginfo-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfce4-xkb-plugin-debugsource-0.8.2-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfconf-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfconf-devel-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfdesktop-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
xfwm4-4.16.0-1.oe2203.x86_64
zziplib-0.13.71-3.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
# </pre>
6.2.5 安装登录管理器
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n29" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n31" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:28:32 ago on 2022年12月03日 星期六 13时56分02秒.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
lightdm x86_64 1.30.0-13.oe2203 EPOL 193 k
lightdm-gtk x86_64 2.0.8-1.oe2203 EPOL 123 k
Installing dependencies:
accountsservice x86_64 0.6.55-1.oe2203 OS 113 k
gnome-themes-standard x86_64 3.27.90-4.oe2203 OS 2.9 M
lightdm-gobject x86_64 1.30.0-13.oe2203 EPOL 56 k
systemd-pam x86_64 249-42.oe2203 update 200 k
Transaction Summary
Install6 Packages
Total download size: 3.5 M
Installed size: 6.3 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64.r 553 kB/s | 113 kB 00:00
(2/6): lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 788 kB/s | 193 kB 00:00
(3/6): lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64. 1.2 MB/s |56 kB 00:00
(4/6): lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 2.5 MB/s | 123 kB 00:00
(5/6): systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64.rpm 2.2 MB/s | 200 kB 00:00
(6/6): gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x 3.1 MB/s | 2.9 MB 00:00
<hr>
Total 3.8 MB/s | 3.5 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64 1/6
Installing : gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64 2/6
Installing : accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Running scriptlet: accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/graphical.target.wants/accounts-daemon.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/accounts-daemon.service.
Installing : lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 4/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Installing : lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/display-manager.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/lightdm.service.
Running scriptlet: lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Installing : lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
accountsservice-0.6.55-1.oe2203.x86_64
gnome-themes-standard-3.27.90-4.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-gobject-1.30.0-13.oe2203.x86_64
lightdm-gtk-2.0.8-1.oe2203.x86_64
systemd-pam-249-42.oe2203.x86_64
Complete!
# </pre>
6.2.6 设置默认桌面为XFCE 启动
通过root权限用户设置
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n34" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n36" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
# </pre>
6.2.7 使用登录管理器登录XFCE
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n38" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl start lightdm</pre>
登录管理器启动后，在右上角左侧选择"xfce-session" 输入用户名、密码登录
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n41" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl start lightdm
# </pre>
6.2.8 设置开机自启动图形界面
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n43" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl enable lightdm
systemctl set-default graphical.target</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n45" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># systemctl enable lightdm
#
# systemctl set-default graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target.
# </pre>
6.2.9 重启生效
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n47" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># reboot</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n49" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># reboot</pre>
6.3 XFCE图形界面
image-20221203143000259
image-20221203143130619
6.4 问题处理
异常问题：
dm登录界面背景是黑色的？
问题原因：
登录界面是黑色的是因为lghtdm-gtk默认配置文件/etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf中没有设置background。
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n62" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># grep background /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n64" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># grep background /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953)
user-background = false|true ("true" by default)Display user background (if available)
transition-duration = Length of time (in milliseconds) to transition betweenbackground images ("500" by default)
background = overrides default value
user-background = overrides default value
background=
user-background=
# </pre>
问题解决：
在该配置文件最后的段中设置 background=/usr/share/backgrounds/xfce/xfce-blue.jpg；然后systemctl restart lightdm 就可以看到背景了。
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n69" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># vi /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
systemctl restart lightdm</pre>
示例命令如下：
<pre class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" spellcheck="false" lang="bash" cid="n71" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># cat /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
LightDM GTK+ Configuration
Available configuration options listed below.
Appearance:
theme-name = GTK+ theme to use
icon-theme-name = Icon theme to use
cursor-theme-name = Cursor theme to use
cursor-theme-size = Cursor size to use
background = Background file to use, either an image path or a color (e.g. #772953)
user-background = false|true ("true" by default)Display user background (if available)
transition-duration = Length of time (in milliseconds) to transition between background images ("500" by default)
transition-type = ease-in-out|linear|none("ease-in-out" by default)
Fonts:
font-name = Font to use
xft-antialias = false|trueWhether to antialias Xft fonts
xft-dpi = Resolution for Xft in dots per inch (e.g. 96)
xft-hintstyle = none|slight|medium|hintfullWhat degree of hinting to use
xft-rgba = none|rgb|bgr|vrgb|vbgrType of subpixel antialiasing
Login window:
active-monitor = Monitor to display greeter window (name or number). Use #cursor value to display greeter at monitor with cursor. Can be a semicolon separated list
position = x y ("50% 50%" by default)Login window position
default-user-image = Image used as default user icon, path or #icon-name
hide-user-image = false|true ("false" by default)
Panel:
panel-position = top|bottom ("top" by default)
clock-format = strftime-format string, e.g. %H:%M
indicators = semi-colon ";" separated list of allowed indicator modules. Built-in indicators include "~a11y", "~language", "~session", "~power", "~clock", "~host", "~spacer". Unity indicators can be represented by short name (e.g. "sound", "power"), service file name, or absolute path
Accessibility:
a11y-states = states of accessibility features: "name" - save state on exit, "-name" - disabled at start (default value for unlisted), "+name" - enabled at start. Allowed names: contrast, font, keyboard, reader.
keyboard = command to launch on-screen keyboard (e.g. "onboard")
keyboard-position = x y[;width height] ("50%,center -0;50% 25%" by default)Works only for "onboard"
reader = command to launch screen reader (e.g. "orca")
at-spi-enabled = false|true ("true" by default) Enables accessibility at-spi-command if the greeter is built with it enabled
Security:
allow-debugging = false|true ("false" by default)
screensaver-timeout = Timeout (in seconds) until the screen blanks when the greeter is called as lockscreen
Template for per-monitor configuration:
background = overrides default value
user-background = overrides default value
laptop = false|true ("false" by default) Marks monitor as laptop display
transition-duration = overrides default value
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/xfce/xfce-blue.jpg
user-background=
theme-name=
icon-theme-name=
font-name=
xft-antialias=
xft-dpi=
xft-hintstyle=
xft-rgba=
indicators=
clock-format=
keyboard=
reader=
position=
screensaver-timeout=
#</pre>
处理后结果：
image-20221203144514243
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