Unity3d初级编程--Unity官方教程
Unity3d初级编程官方链接1.作为行为组件的脚本2.变量和函数3.约定和语法4.IF 语句5.循环6.作用域和访问修饰符7.Awake 和 Start8.Update 和 FixedUpdate9.矢量数学10.启用和禁用组件11.激活游戏对象12.Translate 和 Rotate13.Look At14.线性插值15.Destroy16.GetButton 和 GetKey17.GetAxis18.OnMouseDown19.GetComponent20.DeltaTime21.数据类型22.类23.Instantiate24.数组25.Invoke26.枚举27.Switch 语句
官方链接
官方链接： https://learn.unity.com/project/chu-ji-bian-cheng?uv=4.x
话不多说，直接贴代码。
1.作为行为组件的脚本
Unity 中的脚本是什么？了解作为 Unity 脚本的行为组件，以及如何创建这些脚本并将它们附加到对象。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ExampleBehaviourScript : MonoBehaviour
{
void Update()
{
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.R))
{
GetComponent<Renderer> ().material.color = Color.red;
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.G))
{
GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.green;
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.B))
{
GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = Color.blue;
}
}
}2.变量和函数
什么是变量和函数？它们如何为我们存储和处理信息？
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class VariablesAndFunctions : MonoBehaviour
{
int myInt = 5;
void Start ()
{
myInt = MultiplyByTwo(myInt);
Debug.Log (myInt);
}
int MultiplyByTwo (int number)
{
int ret;
ret = number * 2;
return ret;
}
}3.约定和语法
了解编写代码的一些基本约定和语法：点运算符、分号、缩进和注释。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class BasicSyntax : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start ()
{
Debug.Log(transform.position.x);
if(transform.position.y <= 5f)
{
Debug.Log ("I'm about to hit the ground!");
}
}
}4.IF 语句
如何使用 IF 语句在代码中设置条件。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class IfStatements : MonoBehaviour
{
float coffeeTemperature = 85.0f;
float hotLimitTemperature = 70.0f;
float coldLimitTemperature = 40.0f;
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
TemperatureTest();
coffeeTemperature -= Time.deltaTime * 5f;
}
void TemperatureTest ()
{
// 如果咖啡的温度高于最热的饮用温度...
if(coffeeTemperature > hotLimitTemperature)
{
// ... 执行此操作。
print("Coffee is too hot.");
}
// 如果不是，但咖啡的温度低于最冷的饮用温度...
else if(coffeeTemperature < coldLimitTemperature)
{
// ... 执行此操作。
print("Coffee is too cold.");
}
// 如果两者都不是，则...
else
{
// ... 执行此操作。
print("Coffee is just right.");
}
}
}5.循环
如何使用 For、While、Do-While 和 For Each 循环在代码中重复操作。
ForLoop
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ForLoop : MonoBehaviour
{
int numEnemies = 3;
void Start ()
{
for(int i = 0; i < numEnemies; i++)
{
Debug.Log("Creating enemy number: " + i);
}
}
}WhileLoop
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class WhileLoop : MonoBehaviour
{
int cupsInTheSink = 4;
void Start ()
{
while(cupsInTheSink > 0)
{
Debug.Log ("I've washed a cup!");
cupsInTheSink--;
}
}
}DoWhileLoop
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DoWhileLoop : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start()
{
bool shouldContinue = false;
do
{
print ("Hello World");
}while(shouldContinue == true);
}
}ForeachLoop
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ForeachLoop : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start ()
{
string[] strings = new string;
strings = "First string";
strings = "Second string";
strings = "Third string";
foreach(string item in strings)
{
print (item);
}
}
}6.作用域和访问修饰符
了解变量和函数的作用域和可访问性。
ScopeAndAccessModifiers
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ScopeAndAccessModifiers : MonoBehaviour
{
public int alpha = 5;
private int beta = 0;
private int gamma = 5;
private AnotherClass myOtherClass;
void Start ()
{
alpha = 29;
myOtherClass = new AnotherClass();
myOtherClass.FruitMachine(alpha, myOtherClass.apples);
}
void Example (int pens, int crayons)
{
int answer;
answer = pens * crayons * alpha;
Debug.Log(answer);
}
void Update ()
{
Debug.Log("Alpha is set to: " + alpha);
}
}AnotherClass
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class AnotherClass
{
public int apples;
public int bananas;
private int stapler;
private int sellotape;
public void FruitMachine (int a, int b)
{
int answer;
answer = a + b;
Debug.Log("Fruit total: " + answer);
}
private void OfficeSort (int a, int b)
{
int answer;
answer = a + b;
Debug.Log("Office Supplies total: " + answer);
}
}
7.Awake 和 Start
如何使用 Unity 的两个初始化函数 Awake 和 Start。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class AwakeAndStart : MonoBehaviour
{
void Awake ()
{
Debug.Log("Awake called.");
}
void Start ()
{
Debug.Log("Start called.");
}
}8.Update 和 FixedUpdate
如何使用 Update 和 FixedUpdate 函数实现每帧的更改，以及它们之间的区别。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class UpdateAndFixedUpdate : MonoBehaviour
{
void FixedUpdate ()
{
Debug.Log("FixedUpdate time :" + Time.deltaTime);
}
void Update ()
{
Debug.Log("Update time :" + Time.deltaTime);
}
}9.矢量数学
矢量数学入门以及有关点积和叉积的信息。
// 无代码10.启用和禁用组件
如何在运行时通过脚本启用和禁用组件。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class EnableComponents : MonoBehaviour
{
private Light myLight;
void Start ()
{
myLight = GetComponent<Light>();
}
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Space))
{
myLight.enabled = !myLight.enabled;
}
}
}11.激活游戏对象
如何使用 SetActive 和 activeSelf/activeInHierarchy 单独处理以及在层级视图中处理场景内部游戏对象的活动状态。
ActiveObjects
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ActiveObjects : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start ()
{
gameObject.SetActive(false);
}
}CheckState
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CheckState : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject myObject;
void Start ()
{
Debug.Log("Active Self: " + myObject.activeSelf);
Debug.Log("Active in Hierarchy" + myObject.activeInHierarchy);
}
}12.Translate 和 Rotate
如何使用两个变换函数 Translate 和 Rotate 来更改非刚体对象的位置和旋转。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class TransformFunctions : MonoBehaviour
{
public float moveSpeed = 10f;
public float turnSpeed = 50f;
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.UpArrow))
transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.DownArrow))
transform.Translate(-Vector3.forward * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up, -turnSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow))
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up, turnSpeed * Time.deltaTime);
}
}13.Look At
如何使用 LookAt 函数使一个游戏对象的变换组件面向另一个游戏对象的变换组件。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class CameraLookAt : MonoBehaviour
{
public Transform target;
void Update ()
{
transform.LookAt(target);
}
}14.线性插值
在制作游戏时，有时可以在两个值之间进行线性插值。这是通过 Lerp 函数来完成的。
// 在此示例中，result = 4
float result = Mathf.Lerp (3f, 5f, 0.5f);
Vector3 from = new Vector3 (1f, 2f, 3f);
Vector3 to = new Vector3 (5f, 6f, 7f);
// 此处 result = (4, 5, 6)
Vector3 result = Vector3.Lerp (from, to, 0.75f);
void Update ()
{
light.intensity = Mathf.Lerp(light.intensity, 8f, 0.5f * Time.deltaTime);
}15.Destroy
如何在运行时使用 Destroy() 函数删除游戏对象和组件。
DestroyBasic
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DestroyBasic : MonoBehaviour
{
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space))
{
Destroy(gameObject);
}
}
}DestroyOther
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DestroyOther : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject other;
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space))
{
Destroy(other);
}
}
}DestroyComponent
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DestroyComponent : MonoBehaviour
{
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space))
{
Destroy(GetComponent<MeshRenderer>());
}
}
}16.GetButton 和 GetKey
本教程演示如何在 Unity 项目中获取用于输入的按钮或键，以及这些轴的行为或如何通过 Unity Input Manager 进行修改。
KeyInput
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class KeyInput : MonoBehaviour
{
public GUITexture graphic;
public Texture2D standard;
public Texture2D downgfx;
public Texture2D upgfx;
public Texture2D heldgfx;
void Start()
{
graphic.texture = standard;
}
void Update ()
{
bool down = Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space);
bool held = Input.GetKey(KeyCode.Space);
bool up = Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode.Space);
if(down)
{
graphic.texture = downgfx;
}
else if(held)
{
graphic.texture = heldgfx;
}
else if(up)
{
graphic.texture = upgfx;
}
else
{
graphic.texture = standard;
}
guiText.text = " " + down + "\n " + held + "\n " + up;
}
}ButtonInput
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ButtonInput : MonoBehaviour
{
public GUITexture graphic;
public Texture2D standard;
public Texture2D downgfx;
public Texture2D upgfx;
public Texture2D heldgfx;
void Start()
{
graphic.texture = standard;
}
void Update ()
{
bool down = Input.GetButtonDown("Jump");
bool held = Input.GetButton("Jump");
bool up = Input.GetButtonUp("Jump");
if(down)
{
graphic.texture = downgfx;
}
else if(held)
{
graphic.texture = heldgfx;
}
else if(up)
{
graphic.texture = upgfx;
}
else
{
graphic.texture = standard;
}
guiText.text = " " + down + "\n " + held + "\n " + up;
}
}17.GetAxis
如何在 Unity 中为游戏获取基于轴的输入，以及如何通过 Input Manager 修改这些轴。
AxisExample
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class AxisExample : MonoBehaviour
{
public float range;
public GUIText textOutput;
void Update ()
{
float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
float xPos = h * range;
transform.position = new Vector3(xPos, 2f, 0);
textOutput.text = "Value Returned: "+h.ToString("F2");
}
}AxisRawExample
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class AxisRawExample : MonoBehaviour
{
public float range;
public GUIText textOutput;
void Update ()
{
float h = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
float xPos = h * range;
transform.position = new Vector3(xPos, 2f, 0);
textOutput.text = "Value Returned: "+h.ToString("F2");
}
}
DualAxisExample
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DualAxisExample : MonoBehaviour
{
public float range;
public GUIText textOutput;
void Update ()
{
float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
float xPos = h * range;
float yPos = v * range;
transform.position = new Vector3(xPos, yPos, 0);
textOutput.text = "Horizontal Value Returned: "+h.ToString("F2")+"\nVertical Value Returned: "+v.ToString("F2");
}
}18.OnMouseDown
如何检测碰撞体或 GUI 元素上的鼠标点击。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class MouseClick : MonoBehaviour
{
void OnMouseDown ()
{
rigidbody.AddForce(-transform.forward * 500f);
rigidbody.useGravity = true;
}
}19.GetComponent
如何使用 GetComponent 函数来处理其他脚本或组件的属性。
UsingOtherComponents
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class UsingOtherComponents : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject otherGameObject;
private AnotherScript anotherScript;
private YetAnotherScript yetAnotherScript;
private BoxCollider boxCol;
void Awake ()
{
anotherScript = GetComponent<AnotherScript>();
yetAnotherScript = otherGameObject.GetComponent<YetAnotherScript>();
boxCol = otherGameObject.GetComponent<BoxCollider>();
}
void Start ()
{
boxCol.size = new Vector3(3,3,3);
Debug.Log("The player's score is " + anotherScript.playerScore);
Debug.Log("The player has died " + yetAnotherScript.numberOfPlayerDeaths + " times");
}
}AnotherScript
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class AnotherScript : MonoBehaviour
{
public int playerScore = 9001;
}YetAnotherScript
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class YetAnotherScript : MonoBehaviour
{
public int numberOfPlayerDeaths = 3;
}20.DeltaTime
什么是 Delta Time？如何在游戏中将其用于对值进行平滑和解释？
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class UsingDeltaTime : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed = 8f;
public float countdown = 3.0f;
void Update ()
{
countdown -= Time.deltaTime;
if(countdown <= 0.0f)
light.enabled = true;
if(Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow))
transform.position += new Vector3(speed * Time.deltaTime, 0.0f, 0.0f);
}
}21.数据类型
了解“值”和“引用”数据类型之间的重要区别，以便更好地了解变量的工作方式。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class DatatypeScript : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start ()
{
//值类型变量
Vector3 pos = transform.position;
pos = new Vector3(0, 2, 0);
//引用类型变量
Transform tran = transform;
tran.position = new Vector3(0, 2, 0);
}
}22.类
如何使用类来存储和组织信息，以及如何创建构造函数以便处理类的各个部分。
SingleCharacterScript
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class SingleCharacterScript : MonoBehaviour
{
public class Stuff
{
public int bullets;
public int grenades;
public int rockets;
public Stuff(int bul, int gre, int roc)
{
bullets = bul;
grenades = gre;
rockets = roc;
}
}
public Stuff myStuff = new Stuff(10, 7, 25);
public float speed;
public float turnSpeed;
public Rigidbody bulletPrefab;
public Transform firePosition;
public float bulletSpeed;
void Update ()
{
Movement();
Shoot();
}
void Movement ()
{
float forwardMovement = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
float turnMovement = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * turnSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * forwardMovement);
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * turnMovement);
}
void Shoot ()
{
if(Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1") && myStuff.bullets > 0)
{
Rigidbody bulletInstance = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePosition.position, firePosition.rotation) as Rigidbody;
bulletInstance.AddForce(firePosition.forward * bulletSpeed);
myStuff.bullets--;
}
}
}Inventory
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Inventory : MonoBehaviour
{
public class Stuff
{
public int bullets;
public int grenades;
public int rockets;
public float fuel;
public Stuff(int bul, int gre, int roc)
{
bullets = bul;
grenades = gre;
rockets = roc;
}
public Stuff(int bul, float fu)
{
bullets = bul;
fuel = fu;
}
// 构造函数
public Stuff ()
{
bullets = 1;
grenades = 1;
rockets = 1;
}
}
// 创建 Stuff 类的实例（对象）
public Stuff myStuff = new Stuff(50, 5, 5);
public Stuff myOtherStuff = new Stuff(50, 1.5f);
void Start()
{
Debug.Log(myStuff.bullets);
}
}MovementControls
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class MovementControls : MonoBehaviour
{
public float speed;
public float turnSpeed;
void Update ()
{
Movement();
}
void Movement ()
{
float forwardMovement = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speed * Time.deltaTime;
float turnMovement = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * turnSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
transform.Translate(Vector3.forward * forwardMovement);
transform.Rotate(Vector3.up * turnMovement);
}
}
Shooting
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Shooting : MonoBehaviour
{
public Rigidbody bulletPrefab;
public Transform firePosition;
public float bulletSpeed;
private Inventory inventory;
void Awake ()
{
inventory = GetComponent<Inventory>();
}
void Update ()
{
Shoot();
}
void Shoot ()
{
if(Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1") && inventory.myStuff.bullets > 0)
{
Rigidbody bulletInstance = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePosition.position, firePosition.rotation) as Rigidbody;
bulletInstance.AddForce(firePosition.forward * bulletSpeed);
inventory.myStuff.bullets--;
}
}
}23.Instantiate
如何在运行期间使用 Instantiate 创建预制件的克隆体。
UsingInstantiate
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class UsingInstantiate : MonoBehaviour
{
public Rigidbody rocketPrefab;
public Transform barrelEnd;
void Update ()
{
if(Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1"))
{
Rigidbody rocketInstance;
rocketInstance = Instantiate(rocketPrefab, barrelEnd.position, barrelEnd.rotation) as Rigidbody;
rocketInstance.AddForce(barrelEnd.forward * 5000);
}
}
}RocketDestruction
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class RocketDestruction : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start()
{
Destroy (gameObject, 1.5f);
}
}24.数组
使用数组将变量集合在一起以便于管理。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class Arrays : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject[] players;
void Start ()
{
players = GameObject.FindGameObjectsWithTag("Player");
for(int i = 0; i < players.Length; i++)
{
Debug.Log("Player Number "+i+" is named "+players.name);
}
}
}25.Invoke
Invoke 函数可用于安排在以后的时间进行方法调用。在本视频中，您将学习如何在 Unity 脚本中使用 Invoke、InvokeRepeating 和 CancelInvoke 函数。
InvokeScript
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class InvokeScript : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject target;
void Start()
{
Invoke ("SpawnObject", 2);
}
void SpawnObject()
{
Instantiate(target, new Vector3(0, 2, 0), Quaternion.identity);
}
}InvokeRepeating
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class InvokeRepeating : MonoBehaviour
{
public GameObject target;
void Start()
{
InvokeRepeating("SpawnObject", 2, 1);
}
void SpawnObject()
{
float x = Random.Range(-2.0f, 2.0f);
float z = Random.Range(-2.0f, 2.0f);
Instantiate(target, new Vector3(x, 2, z), Quaternion.identity);
}
}26.枚举
枚举可用于创建相关常量的集合。在本视频中，您将学习如何在代码中声明和使用枚举。
public class EnumScript : MonoBehaviour
{
enum Direction {North, East, South, West};
void Start ()
{
Direction myDirection;
myDirection = Direction.North;
}
Direction ReverseDirection (Direction dir)
{
if(dir == Direction.North)
dir = Direction.South;
else if(dir == Direction.South)
dir = Direction.North;
else if(dir == Direction.East)
dir = Direction.West;
else if(dir == Direction.West)
dir = Direction.East;
return dir;
}
}27.Switch 语句
Switch 语句的作用类似于简化条件。当您希望将单个变量与一系列常量进行比较时，这类语句很有用。在本视频中，您将学习如何编写和使用 switch 语句。
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
public class ConversationScript : MonoBehaviour
{
public int intelligence = 5;
void Greet()
{
switch (intelligence)
{
case 5:
print ("Why hello there good sir! Let me teach you about Trigonometry!");
break;
case 4:
print ("Hello and good day!");
break;
case 3:
print ("Whadya want?");
break;
case 2:
print ("Grog SMASH!");
break;
case 1:
print ("Ulg, glib, Pblblblblb");
break;
default:
print ("Incorrect intelligence level.");
break;
}
}
}
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