VTK实践_5(图型处理)
前言图形处理应用非常广泛，每个角色的模型、场景都是图形数据，基本都在VTKPolyData包中。
它是由几何数据、模型数据、拓扑数据组成。几何数据为主要的组成模型的点集；拓扑是这些点连成的单元数据；属性数据将几何数据与拓扑数据进行关联。
例子
1、vtkpolydata数据的生成与显示
vtkSmartPointer<vtkConeSource> coneSource =//锥体图形
vtkSmartPointer<vtkConeSource>::New();
coneSource->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> cone = coneSource->GetOutput();//vtkpolydata设置其点数以及单元数目
//int nPoints = cone->GetNumberOfPoints();
//int nCells= cone->GetNumberOfCells();
//std::cout<<&#34;Points number:&#34;<<nPoints<<std::endl;
//std::cout<<&#34;Cellsnumber:&#34;<<nCells<<std::endl;
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =//图像数据转化为渲染图形，进而进行输出
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
mapper->SetInputData(cone);上述例子就是通过vtkConeSource进行一个体绘制。
2、vtkpolydata数据数据的创建
/**********************************************************************
通过vtkpoint进行点的创建
通过vtkolpolygon进行多边形的定义
通过vtkTriangle定义其三角形
vtkCellArray存储其体，然后进行管程的显示
**********************************************************************/
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkPolygon.h>
#include <vtkTriangle.h>
#include <vtkCellArray.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <iostream>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> points =//设置点集
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
points->InsertNextPoint(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
points->InsertNextPoint(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
points->InsertNextPoint(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
points->InsertNextPoint(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
points->InsertNextPoint(2.0, 0.0, 0.0);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolygon> polygon =//通过ID进行多边形定义
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolygon>::New();
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetNumberOfIds(4);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(0, 0);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(1, 1);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(2, 2);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(3, 3);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangle> trianle =//通过ID进行三角形定义
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangle>::New();
trianle->GetPointIds()->SetId(0, 1);
trianle->GetPointIds()->SetId(1, 2);
trianle->GetPointIds()->SetId(2, 4);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray> cells =//vtkCellArray用于存储所有的单元数据
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();
cells->InsertNextCell(polygon);
cells->InsertNextCell(trianle);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> polygonPolyData =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
polygonPolyData->SetPoints(points);
polygonPolyData->SetPolys(cells);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
mapper->SetInputData(polygonPolyData);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> actor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
actor->SetMapper(mapper);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> renderer =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
renderer->AddActor(actor);
renderer->SetBackground(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> renderWindow =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
renderWindow->SetSize( 640, 480 );
renderWindow->Render();
renderWindow->SetWindowName(&#34;PolyDataNew&#34;);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> renderWindowInteractor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
renderWindowInteractor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);
renderWindow->Render();
renderWindowInteractor->Start();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}3、vtkpolydata的相关属性数据
//几何结构数据：点集
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints> pts =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPoints>::New();
pts->InsertNextPoint(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
pts->InsertNextPoint(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
pts->InsertNextPoint(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
pts->InsertNextPoint(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
pts->InsertNextPoint(2.0, 0.0, 0.0);
//拓扑结构数据：正四边形
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolygon> polygon =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolygon>::New();
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetNumberOfIds(4);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(0, 0);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(1, 1);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(2, 2);
polygon->GetPointIds()->SetId(3, 3);
//拓扑结构数据：三角形
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangle> triangle =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangle>::New();
triangle->GetPointIds()->SetId(0, 1);
triangle->GetPointIds()->SetId(1, 2);
triangle->GetPointIds()->SetId(2, 4);
//构成拓扑结构集合
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray> cells =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCellArray>::New();
cells->InsertNextCell(polygon);
cells->InsertNextCell(triangle);
//合成几何拓扑结构用于显示
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData> polygonPolyData =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyData>::New();
polygonPolyData->SetPoints(pts);
polygonPolyData->SetPolys(cells);
//添加属性结构:颜色
unsigned char red = { 255, 0, 0 };
unsigned char green = { 0, 255, 0 };
unsigned char blue = { 0, 0, 255 };
vtkSmartPointer<vtkUnsignedCharArray> ptColor =//为点设置颜色数据
vtkSmartPointer<vtkUnsignedCharArray>::New();
ptColor->SetNumberOfComponents(3);//指定其组分数的大小
//ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(red);
ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(red);//顺序的插入到整个数据中
ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(green);//顺序的插入元组数据：颜色
ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(blue);
ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(red);
ptColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(green);
polygonPolyData->GetPointData()->SetScalars(ptColor);//通过GetPointData起作用
vtkSmartPointer<vtkUnsignedCharArray> cellColor =//为单元设置颜色数据
vtkSmartPointer<vtkUnsignedCharArray>::New();
cellColor->SetNumberOfComponents(3);
cellColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(blue);
cellColor->InsertNextTypedTuple(red);
polygonPolyData->GetCellData()->SetScalars(cellColor);//通过GetCellData起作用
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =//映射，用于输出
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
mapper->SetInputData(polygonPolyData);设置点，进而通过其进行组分颜色的设置
4、基本的图像操作
前言：vtk提供很多的图形操作，比如：VTKMath欧几里得的计算、向量的模等；VTKLine提供点线之间的距离，线线之间的距离操作等；vtkTriangle提供了面积、内接圆等；vtkpolyon提供了法向量、重心等的计算；vtkTetra提供四边形体积等的计算。vtkmassproperties实现三角形表面积与体积的计算，，但是必须要求其是封闭的图形：这个时候有专门的函数提供封闭性检验。vtkTriangle Filter实现多边形网络向正方形网络数据的转换
/利用vtkMassProperties计算三角网络模型的表面积、体积**/
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCubeSource> cubeSource = //正方形
vtkSmartPointer<vtkCubeSource>::New();
cubeSource->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangleFilter> triFilter = //多边的网络数据向三角形网络数据的转换
vtkSmartPointer<vtkTriangleFilter>::New();
triFilter->SetInputData(cubeSource->GetOutput());
triFilter->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkMassProperties> massProp = //基本的图像操作；计算
vtkSmartPointer<vtkMassProperties>::New();
massProp->SetInputData(triFilter->GetOutput());//图像的输入
//massProp->SetInputData(triFilter->GetOutput());
float vol = massProp->GetVolume();//体积
float area= massProp->GetSurfaceArea();//表面积
float maxArea = massProp->GetMaxCellArea();//最大单元面积
float minArea = massProp->GetMinCellArea();//最小单元面积
std::cout<<&#34;Volume :&#34;<<vol<<std::endl;
std::cout<<&#34;Surface Area:&#34;<<area<<std::endl;
std::cout<<&#34;Max Area :&#34;<<maxArea<<std::endl;
std::cout<<&#34;Min Area :&#34;<<minArea<<std::endl;
//管线
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper = //映射显示
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
//mapper->SetInput(cubeSource->GetOutput());
mapper->SetInputData(triFilter->GetOutput());
4.2、图形处理之测地距离
就是在体的表面计算点的距离
//测地：必须设定点的标号
vtkSmartPointer<vtkDijkstraGraphGeodesicPath> dijkstra = //通过迪杰斯特拉进行数据的测量
vtkSmartPointer<vtkDijkstraGraphGeodesicPath>::New();
dijkstra->SetInputData(sphereSource->GetOutput());
dijkstra->SetStartVertex(0);//开始点
dijkstra->SetEndVertex(10);//结束点
dijkstra->Update();
//映射转换输出：线
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> pathMapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
pathMapper->SetInputData(dijkstra->GetOutput());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> pathActor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
pathActor->SetMapper(pathMapper);
pathActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1,0,0);
pathActor->GetProperty()->SetLineWidth(4);
//映射转换输出：体
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
mapper->SetInputData(sphereSource->GetOutput());
//输出
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> actor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
actor->SetMapper(mapper);
4.4、包围盒的定义
vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource> sphereSource =//定义一个球体
vtkSmartPointer<vtkSphereSource>::New();
sphereSource->SetCenter(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
sphereSource->SetRadius(5.0);
sphereSource->Update();
vtkPolyData* sphere = sphereSource->GetOutput();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkOutlineFilter> outline =//包围盒的定义
vtkSmartPointer<vtkOutlineFilter>::New();
outline->SetInputData(sphere);//定义包围盒
outline->Update();//算法执行完毕，必须更新！！！
//管线 4.5、法向量的计算
垂直于该平面的三维向量
#include <vtkSmartPointer.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataReader.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataNormals.h> //计算法向量
#include <vtkMaskPoints.h>
#include <vtkArrowSource.h>
#include <vtkGlyph3D.h>
#include <vtkPointData.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
//reader->SetFileName();
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
int main()
{
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataReader> plyReader =//输入一个vtk的图像
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataReader>::New();
plyReader->SetFileName(&#34;../data/fran_cut.vtk&#34;);
plyReader->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataNormals> normFilter =//设置其法向量的参数
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataNormals>::New();
normFilter->SetInputData(plyReader->GetOutput());
normFilter->SetComputePointNormals(1);//开启点法向量计算
normFilter->SetComputeCellNormals(0); //关闭单元法向量计算
normFilter->SetAutoOrientNormals(1);
normFilter->SetSplitting(0);
normFilter->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkMaskPoints> mask =//平滑项，面具的平滑
vtkSmartPointer<vtkMaskPoints>::New();
mask->SetInputData(normFilter->GetOutput());
mask->SetMaximumNumberOfPoints(300);
mask->RandomModeOn();
mask->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkArrowSource> arrow =//设置箭头数据
vtkSmartPointer<vtkArrowSource>::New();
arrow->Update(); //一定要更新 否则数据没有添加进来，程序会报错
//对想添加的数据点进行符号标注
vtkSmartPointer<vtkGlyph3D> glyph =//为每个输入点拷贝相应方向和伸缩比例的轮廓几何体
vtkSmartPointer<vtkGlyph3D>::New();
glyph->SetInputData(mask->GetOutput());
glyph->SetSourceData(arrow->GetOutput());//每一点用箭头代替
glyph->SetVectorModeToUseNormal();//设置向量显示模式和法向量一致
glyph->SetScaleFactor(0.01); //设置伸缩比例
glyph->Update();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> mapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
mapper->SetInputData(plyReader->GetOutput());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> normMapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();
normMapper->SetInputData(normFilter->GetOutput());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper> glyphMapper =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkPolyDataMapper>::New();//带法向量的图像
glyphMapper->SetInputData(glyph->GetOutput());
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> actor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
actor->SetMapper(mapper);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> normActor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
normActor->SetMapper(normMapper);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor> glyphActor =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkActor>::New();
glyphActor->SetMapper(glyphMapper);
glyphActor->GetProperty()->SetColor(1, 0, 0);
double origView = { 0, 0, 0.33, 1 };
double normView = { 0.33, 0, 0.66, 1 };
double glyphView = { 0.66, 0, 1, 1 };
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> origRender =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
origRender->SetViewport(origView);
origRender->AddActor(actor);
origRender->SetBackground(1, 0, 0);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> normRender =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
normRender->SetViewport(normView);
normRender->AddActor(normActor);
normRender->SetBackground(0, 1, 0);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer> glyphRender =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderer>::New();
glyphRender->SetViewport(glyphView);
glyphRender->AddActor(glyphActor);
glyphRender->AddActor(normActor);
glyphRender->SetBackground(0, 0, 1);
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow> rw =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindow>::New();
rw->AddRenderer(origRender);
rw->AddRenderer(normRender);
rw->AddRenderer(glyphRender);
rw->SetWindowName(&#34;Calculating Point Norm & Cell Norm&#34;);
rw->SetSize(960, 320);
rw->Render();
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> rwi =
vtkSmartPointer<vtkRenderWindowInteractor>::New();
rwi->SetRenderWindow(rw);
rwi->Initialize();
rwi->Start();
return 0;
}
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